STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF HOUSEHOLD IN HADEJIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA JIGAWA STATE (A CASE STUDY OF ATAFI DISTRICT)

ABSTRACT

This project is strictly based on sample survey of hadejia local government area ( A case study of Atafi district) for the purpose of demonstrating the fact, thought and finding textbook. Hence, the use of primary data to measure characteristics of interest of the people, this enables the area. Also to know how the income is being spend. All this are aimed to determine the nature and expected of the leaving condition of the people in this area. Statistical tools used in this research is CHI,- square test. The result of the findings have shown that people staying in Hadejia local government area (Atafi district) are consumed virtually all their income without making provision for the feature in form of savings. from the findings the condition on essential tools showing that the incomes and expenditure of household are independent.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENT

DECLARATION………………………………………………………………………………i

CERTIFICATION……………………………………………………………….…………….ii

DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………………..iii

ACKNOWLEGMENT………………………………..………………………………………iv

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………...v

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1  Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….1

1.2  Historical background of the study area……………………………………………….2

1.3  Statement of the study……………………………………………………………………

1.4  Aims and objectives …………………………………………………………………….

1.5  Significant of the study…………………………………………………………………..

1.6   Scope and limitations of the study………………………………………………………

1.7  Research questions………………………………………………………………………

1.8  Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………………

 CHAPTER TWO

  2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW OR REVIEW LITERATURE

2.1 Literature review………………………………………………………………

2.1.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

3.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….

3.2  Population………………………………………………………………………………

3.3   Sample and sampling Techniques used……………………………………………….

3.4 Instrumentation……………………………………………..............................................

3.5 Method of data collection…………………………………………………………………

3.6 Method of data collection…………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………

4.2 Data Presentation…………………………………………………………………………

4.3 Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………………….

CHAPTER FIVE

5.O SUMMARY,CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary………………………………………………………………………...............

5.2 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………...........

5.3 Recommendation………………………………………………………………………

REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

Income and expenditure of household is refers to as the total money earn and spend by household weekly, monthly, quaterly or year. It is necessary to survey household to know it’s necessary to survey household to know it’s challenge which is one of the assignment of studying variables among others.

Household survey involves find-out the condition of the the people in an area. The surveys measure houselhold’s income and expenditure on goods and services and also provide a reflection of the living condition in the area. The survey provides important and comprehensive base regarding  the actual spending and income of family lie’s (local and non-local) and other types of household. I concentrated more on number of household’s, the age of head of  household the income level, the rate of different expenses an income and relationship between income and expenditure.In general, it is necessary to build useful and accurate data on household’s to be used as guidance for efficient planning and show to improve household condition. Statistics on household income can be approached from the standpoint of its use for policy analysis as the best proxy for economic well-being of individuals and households, that is in terms of those receipts that contribute to economic well-being of individuals by increasing their potential to consume or to save. Emphasis is then on those receipts that individuals consider as being of direct benefit to themselves as well as on the distribution of income across households.

1.1 Historical Background of Atafi District

Atafi district is one of the ten District area in Hadejia Emirate Council which was created in the year (2002) under the administration of the former governor of jigawa state Alh. Ibrahim Saminu  Turaki, in his government effort toward bringing government closer to the people having  its headquater in the (Tsohuwar Bariki).The area has total population of about One Hundred and Thirty Eight Thousand (138,0000) according to 2006 census figure. The late Emir of Hadejia Alh. Abubakar Maje Haruna send the first district head Alh. Abdulkadir A. Maje (Dan Ruwarau), after the promoting of Abdulkadir A. Maje to king maker, then Abdulkadir B. Muhammad (Dan Ruwatau) become the seond district head, after the transfer Alh. Iliyasu Habib Adamu (Dan Galadiman Hadejia) become the third district head, after the second transfer, Umar Sambo (Sarkin Sudan), Muhammad Haruna Bashir (Sarkin Bai) become a district head while he is in the office now. Atafi has five (5) (Dagaci) in Garko, Unguwar Sarkin Ruwa, Dalla, Makera and Dalah. Under each (Dagaci) there is one Bulama, under each Bulama has Mai-Unguwa.

1.1.1  Atafi District Chart 

The above chart show the system of ruling  the Atafi District.

Moreover, from the northern part of Atafi is bounded with Emirs palace, East Government Day Secondary School Famfo Goma from south Hadejia River and Old Hadejia market from the west.The Hausa Fulani  occupied mainly the atafi district apart from indigenous in habitants, they are other like Badawa, and other tribes whose are scattered all over the area. Economically, the people of the area engage themselves in the following occupation; farming, black smith, handcraft, and other business where by about eight percent (80%) of the people living in the area are predominantly farmers, and they are depend on farming as professional occupation. Meanwhile, the only remaining twenty percent (20%) are engege in blacksmith, handcraft, poultry, rely traders e.t.c. Educationally they have twenty (20) primary schools and more than Eighty Two (82) Qur’anic school not only that, the area has five dispennsaries. Therefore the hadejia general hospital is under the area.

   Finally, atafi has popular like Mu’azu Atafi, Abdulkadir Haruna (Chiroman Hadejia), Ibrahim Hassan Hadejia, Biyaminu Usman, AIG Gimba Umar rtd, Former CGI Muhammad Babandede rtd, Kashifu Inuwa abduIIilahi (Director General NITDA), . E.t.c.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Th household in atafi facing many problems but the major one will be stated for the purpose of this study (income and expenditure) it has become a usual experience today that people in the area majority are business men and government workers but the condition of the people living in the area are not conducive (is very poor) so that I used my experience of the two years program to find out what is the solution of probem.

1.3 Aim and objectives

The aim of this study is to analyze data on income and expenditure of household in atafi district hadejia local government area.

  Objectives

·        To determine if there is relationship between income and expenditure.

·         determine the monthly income and expenditure pattern of the residence in the area.

·        To identify whether the expenditure is significantly depend on number of dependent.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The significance (importance) of this research is to find the level of education and poverty among the people in the area. It also focused the relationship between income and expenditure.

1.5 Scope and limitation of the Study

This research work is focused only on income and expenditure of household in atafi district, the data will be collected using questionnaire,

State the number of samples and sampling technique that give will adopt in taking the samples.

1.6 Research questions

 There is relationship between income and household

 Does the expenditure is significantly number of dependent

1.6.1 Research

Ho: there is no relationship between income and household

Hi: there is relationship between income and expenditure.

1.7 Definition of the terms used

Income

Income is a money that a person receives for his work, or from investments or business. It can be wage/wages, pay. Salary, earning e.t.c.

 Expenditure

Expenditure is the total amount of money that a person or government spend.

Expenditure is a amount spends of different activities for the smooth running of the affairs of he househild.

 House

House is a building which people, usually one family live in. in other words: A house is to provide someone with a place to live (Shelter).

Household

Household are all the people living together in a house

Head of Household

An adult member of household responsible for the affair of house of the family.

Marital Status

An expression used on official forms to ask someone is married.

Enumeration Area (E.A)

The geographical frames demarcated by the national census bound in town and village for the purpose of conducting census and other related socio economic survey.

Survey

Survey is a method of measuring some characteristics of population through the use of scientific sampling techniques were inferences are made about the entire population based on a sample of the population.

Sample

The word sample is used to describe a portion chosen from the population. If our inferences are to be accurate, we must understand the relation of a sample to its population. That is the sample should be representative of the population and such sample is said to be unbiased. Therefore, it should be a random sample in the sense that the observation are made independently and at random.

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