TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE
STUDY
1.2 SIGNIFICANT OF THE
PROJECT
1.3.2 OBJECTIVES
1.4 PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1.6 PERSONNEL
1.7 STUDY AREA
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0
METHODOLOGY
3.1 RECONNAISSANCE
3.1.1
OFFICE
RECONNAISSANCE
3.1.2
FIELD
RECONNAISSANCE
3.1.3
RECCE
DIAGRAM
3.2 DATA ACQUISITION.
3.2.1 DATA SOURCES
3.2.2 EQUIPMENT USED.
3.2.3 MONUMENTATION
3.2.4
TEST
OF INSTRUMENT
3.2.5
CONTROL
CHECK
3.3 SELECTION
AND MARKING OF STATIONS
3.3.1
TEMPORARY
ADJUSTMENT
3.3.2
SYSTEM
SELECTION
3.3.3
TRAVERSING
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PROCESSING AND RESULT
ANALYSIS
4.1 DATA DOWNLOADING
4.2 DATA PROCESSING
4.2.1 VOLUME OF EARTHWORK
4.3 DATA ANALYSIS
4.3.1 RIGHT OF WAY
4.4 DATA
PRESENTATION
4.5 INFORMATION
ON THE PLAN
4.6 ABSTRACT
OF RESULTS
4.7 COSTING
OF PROJECT:
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 SUMMARY
5.2. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
5.3 CONCLUSION
5.4 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
Engineering
Surveying is one of the branches of surveying which from the general express
for any survey work carried out in connection with construction engineering and
building project, it is a large scale topographical map survey which the basis
for design of engineering works such as highways, railways, canals, tunnels,
dams, pipelines and transmission lines.
In the word
of engineering and environmental studies, surveying has been recognized as the
inevitable operation been described as be the bedrock of every meaningful
development. The greater part of its responsibility is seen from the various
types of surveying which are all geared toward promoting route ways,
convenience, accessibility and spatial declination of both natural and social
environment. In addition, surveying means the activities of planning,
designing, constructions, development and rehabilitation of roads, depending on
the survey data required by the surveyor.
Route survey which is an aspect of
engineering survey may be defined as the survey operation that is done for the
establishment of the horizontal and vertical alignment of transportation
facilities. It involved: planning, design and setting out of any route such as
railways, highways, pipelines and canals etc. as obtained by a surveyor and it
also involved the proper assessment of natural and man-made features.
In
addition, this type of survey should be applied when there is need for
alignment, expansion, or rehabilitation at any existing route (road) e.g. for
traffic purposes. The reason is that route survey provides a plan/map that
shows the alignment, details, profile and cross sectional leveling which
depicts the nature of the terrain of a given strip of land which serves the
purpose of location, design and construction of route networks.
Good
road network is one of the basic amenities needed by human being as movement is
one of the characteristics of living things. There are needs for people to move
from one place to the other and transportation of goods and services. Therefore
for any meaningful development in a country, good road is a must.
1.2 SIGNIFICANT
OF THE PROJECT
It
was discovered that the route from Oyun to olorun village moro Local government
Ilorin, Kwara State, had been badly eroded and full of potholes; also, the road
is found to be too narrow and needed to be extended considering the volume of
traffic plying the road. Rehabilitation of this road should be carried out in
other to increase its carrying capacity thereby increase the physical
development and human activities therein. Due to these, certain information
about the road must be acquired which calls for route survey so as to get the
baseline data necessary for the road design.
The main aim of this project is:
To carry-out Route Survey of
Oyun-Oloru road in Moro local government area, Ilorin, Kwara State
In actualization of the said aim of
the project, the following objectives
Were followed sequentially:
(i)
Reconnaissance
which include office planning and field reconnaissance.
(ii)
Identification
of existing features and adjoining roads.
(iii)
Stability
of the ground controls to be use for orientation.
(iv)
Determination
of centre line and marking of chainages along the centre line at an interval of
25m.
(v)
Marking
out some selected points for the cross-sectioning at intervals of 3m to the
right and left on the profile and also the edges of drainage was marked.
(vi)
Leveling
to determine the height of some selected points along the road.
(vii)
Detailing
by the use of a total station Mato NTS352R
(viii)
Plan
production (graphical representation of the surveyed road way) drawn with
appropriate scale.
(ix)
Reports
write up.
The following are the specification
to be ascertained in the project:
(i)
Traverse
must commence on three coordinated (known) controls and closed on another set
of three coordinated controls which must be confirmed undisturbed by necessary
measurement (control checks).
(ii)
Third
order traverse must be run along the
route on all turning points at one zero observation and the angular
difference from both faces should not be
more than thirty seconds (30"), the angular misclosure is determined by
30"√n,
Where ‘n’ is the total number of
station observed.
(iii)
Establishing
traverse points by using pegs together with nails and bottle corks.
(iv)
Spirit
leveling must commence on a known benchmark and closed back on another known
benchmark. Formulae for its misclosure are ±24mm√k, where ‘k’ is the total
distance covered in kilometers.
(v)
Leveling
must be observed at every 25m intervals on the centre line and at 5m intervals
on both sides of the centre line for the cross sectioning. Edges of drainage at
both sides should be heightened.
(vi)
Fixing
of relevant features to enhance assessment and necessary composition for good
interpretation of plan.
(vii)
Setting
out curve by using deflection angle method within third other survey.
(viii)
The
accuracy of the project must fall within the order of the project.
The entire project covered the
following:-
(i)
Reconnaissance
(both office planning and field reconnaissance).
(ii)
Data
acquisition:
(a) Selection of stations.
(b) Traverse angular observation and data recording.
(c) Linear measurement with the aid
of Mato NTS352R total station.
(d) Spirit leveling of traverse
centre line and adjacent sides (longitudinal or profile and cross sectioning).
(e)
Fixing of details by tacheometry method.
(iii)Computations
to determine:
(a)
Horizontal coordinates (i.e. x and y coordinates)
(b)
Vertical coordinates (i.e. z
coordinates) by level reduction.
(c)
Setting out angles and distance for the curve.
(iii)
Data
analysis i.e. comparing result obtained with the required accuracy.
(iv)
Data
presentation :
(a) Production of horizontal alignment
(i.e. plan showing existing features and the propose route).
(b) Production of longitudinal
section plan
(c) Production of cross section plan
(d)Project report writing: - This
involves writing of detail report in connection with entire project done in
conformity with the outline given by the project supervisor.
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