ABSTRACT
The study aims at evaluating performance appraisal methods
and use of results at both public (TANESCO) and private (Symbion)
organizations. The objectives of the study is to compare performance appraisal
methods in both public and private organizations, to determine suitability and
performance of various types of performance appraisal methods, to determine
employers and employees' level of satisfaction regarding the said appraisal
methods, and to explore ways to harmonize the use of various types of
performance appraisal methods. The study used interview and survey to collect data
from a sample of 50 respondents from TANESCO and 50 respondents from Symbion
Power.
The study revealed that the performance appraisal results
have benefits in a number of ways including informing the employees'
development plans, for instance, through identification of necessary training
requirements, giving enough opportunities to employees by recognizing their
talent and giving them more responsibilities, and identifying poor performing
employees and put them under a performance improvement plan so that they can be
effectively guided and groomed to become good performers. It is also
instrumental in identifying any other reasons for nonperformance of an
employee, like non-availability of tools to perform their job or other external
factors and remove those obstacles so that employees are in a position to
perform their job well. The absence of performance management has contributed
to the high rate of business failures in the public and private sector.
The study recommends that the public and private
organizations should make sure that performance elements and standards should
be measurable, understandable, verifiable, equitable, and achievable. Effective
performance management system requires time and resources and management is
supposed to act upon the outcomes of the performance management process.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
CERTIFICATION......................................................................................................i
DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT......................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................iii
DEDICATION...........................................................................................................iv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................v
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................vi
TABLE OF
CONTENTS.........................................................................................vii
LIST OF TABLES
.....................................................................................................x
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................xi
CHAPTER ONE
........................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................1
1.1 Background
...............................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of the
Problem..........................................................................2
1.3 Objectives of the
Study.............................................................................3
1.3.1 Main
Objective..........................................................................................3
1.3.2 Specific
Objectives....................................................................................3
1.4 Research Questions
...................................................................................4
1.5 Scope of the Study.....................................................................................4
1.6 Significance of the Study
..........................................................................4
1.7 Structure of the
Dissertation......................................................................5
CHAPTER TWO
.......................................................................................................7
LITERATURE
REVIEW..........................................................................................7
2.1
Introduction...............................................................................................7
2.2
Definition of Key Terms
...........................................................................7
2.2.1
Performance Appraisal..............................................................................7
2.2.2
Performance
Management.........................................................................7
2.2.3
Performance Appraisal Log
......................................................................8
2.3
Performance Appraisal in
Tanzania..........................................................9
2.4
Components of the Performance
Appraisal System................................11
2.5 Approaches
of Performance Management..............................................13
2.5.1
Traditional Approach
..............................................................................13
2.5.2
Modern Approach
...................................................................................15
2.6
The Role of the Feedback on
Performance Appraisal.............................16
2.7
Review of Relevant
Theories..................................................................17
2.7.1 Equity Theory..........................................................................................17
2.7.2 Goal-setting
Theory.................................................................................18
2.7.3
Expectancy
Theory..................................................................................18
2.7.4
Motivational
Theory................................................................................18
2.8
Performance
Appraisal............................................................................19
2.9 Conceptual
Framework ...........................................................................21
CHAPTER THREE...........................................................................................23
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ....................................................................23
3.1 The
Study
Area........................................................................................23
3.2 Study
Design ...........................................................................................23
3.3 Study
Population
.....................................................................................24
3.4 Sample
and Sampling Techniques
..........................................................24
3.4.1 The Sample
Size......................................................................................24
3.4.2 Sampling
Techniques..............................................................................25
3.5
Data Collection
Methods.........................................................................25
3.6
Data Analysis Methods
...........................................................................27
3.7 Limitations
of the Study..........................................................................27
CHAPTER
FOUR....................................................................................................29
PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF THEFINDINGS
.............................29
4.1 Introduction.............................................................................................29
4.2 Demographic
Characteristics of Respondents.........................................29
4.2.1 Age of Respondents ................................................................................29
4.2.2 Time Worked with the
Organization.......................................................30
4.2.3 Highest Education
Level.........................................................................30
4.3 Reasons
for Conducting Performance Appraisal ....................................31
4.4 Comparison
of Performance Appraisal Systems in Public and Private Organization............................................................................................34
4.4.1 Types of Performance
Appraisal.............................................................35
4.4.2 Performance Appraisal
Criteria...............................................................36
4.4.3 Performance Appraisal Criteria Officers
Often Use ...............................39
4.4.4 The Use of Participatory Approaches
.....................................................39
4.4.5 Perceptions on the Officers who Conduct
Performance Appraisal.........40
4.4.6
Setting the
Targets...................................................................................40
4.4.7
Notice of Performance Appraisal
System...............................................41
4.4.8 What Happens after the Appraisal Exercise is
completed ......................42
4.5 The
Relationship between Performance Appraisal and Employees' Performance
............................................................................................42
4.5.1
Level of Objectivity of the Performance
Appraisal Process...................43
4.5.2
Fairness of Performance Appraisal
Report and Methods .......................44
4.6
General Uses of Performance
Appraisal Results ....................................44
4.7
Challenges of Undertaking
Performance Appraisal................................48
4.8
Factors for Improving Performance
Appraisal Systems .........................51
4.9 Perceptions on Harmonization of Performance
Appraisal Systems........52
4.10 Suitability and Performance Appraisal Methods
....................................53
CHAPTER
FIVE......................................................................................................55
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .........................55
5.1
Summary of the
Findings........................................................................55
5.3
Conclusions.............................................................................................56
5.4 Recommendations...................................................................................58
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................61
APPENDICES..........................................................................................................66
Appendix1: Questionnaire................................................................................66
Appendix
2: Focus-group
Discussion/Interview Questions Checklist..............72
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
|
Table 3.1:
|
Sample Size
Distribution......................................................................25
|
|
Table 4.1:
|
Age of
Respondents..............................................................................30
|
|
Table 4.2:
|
Time Worked with the Organization
....................................................30
|
|
Table 4.3:
|
Highest Education
Level.......................................................................31
|
|
Table 4.4:
|
Performance Appraisal Criteria Officers Often Use.............................39
|
|
Table 4.5:
|
Perceptions on the Officers who Conduct Performance
Appraisal ......40
|
|
Table 4.6:
|
What Happens after the Appraisal Exercise is
completed....................42
|
|
Table 4.7:
|
Level of Objectivity of the Performance Appraisal
Process.................44
|
|
Table 4.8:
|
Fairness of Performance Appraisal Report and
Methods.....................44
|
|
Table 4.9:
|
Usefulness of the Performance Appraisal Records to the
Organization48
|
LIST OF FIGURES
Pages
Figure 2.1: Components of Performance Appraisal Stepwise
................................13
Figure 2.2: Conceptual Framework on Effect of
Performance Appraisal to the
Performance
of an Organization...........................................................22
Business Plan 104
Case study 0
Feasibility Study 44
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