ABSTRACT
The study of motivation is concerned with why people have
choose to behave in a certain way or chooses a particular course of action in
preference to others. The underlying concept of motivation refers to some
internal zeal or driving force within individual which energizes individual or
group to carry out a specific course of action or to behave in a particular
way. In order to achieve some goals to fulfill some needs or expectation.
Individual have variety of economics, social and intrinsic needs and expectations
in work place. There are many theories which attempt to explain motivation at
work, this research work takes a look at these theories.
This study therefore set out to look at the concept
of motivation as a means of enhancing workers effectiveness and efficiency in
an' organization using Lagos State Development Property Corporation Ilupeju
Office as a case study. Descriptive Research design method was adopted in the
designing or' the findings.
The source of data collection was Primary and Secondary
source with emphasis on Primary source. The instrument for data collection was
questionnaire. Data collected were administered and subsequently analyzed with
the use of statistical techniques called chi- square through Statistical
Package for Social Sciences (S.P.S.S).
However major findings of the study were: that there
is a significance relationship between promotion and workers effectiveness and
efficiency, and that there is need to adopt a robust salary structure to
enhance workers efficiency in an organization.
The study also confirmed that other fringe benefits such
as car loan, equipment loan etc. should be incorporated with te motivational
policy of organization to enhance workers efficiency and effectiveness.
Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended
that a standard motivational policy should be formulated. Also in purposeful
training opportunity should be granted amongst other in order to enhance
workers e
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
PAGES
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi-vii
CHAPTER
ONE: Introduction
1.1
Background of study 1
1.2
Statement of problem 4
1.3
Objective of the study 5
1.4
Research questions 5
1.5
Research hypothesis 6
1.6
Significance of the study 6
1.7
Scope
of the study 7
1.8
Limitations of the study 7
1.9
Operational definition of terms 7
CHAPTER
TWO: Review of the Relevant Literature
2.0
Introduction 9
2.1
Relevant text 11
2.2
Theoretical consideration 15
2.3
Conceptual frame work 24
2.4
History of L.S.D.P.C 27
CHAPTER THREE: Research Methods
3.0
Introduction 30
3.1
Types of research design 30
3.2
Population of the Study 30
3.3
Sample size 31
3.4
Sampling Techniques 31
3.5
Instrument validation 31
3.6
Procedure for data collection
3.7
Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: Data Analysis and
Interpretation of data
4.1
Data presentation 34
4.2
Data analysis and test of hypotheses 34
4.3
Interpretation of hypotheses 53
4.4
Discussion of findings 53
4.5
Discussion of findings 54
CHAPTER
FIVE: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1
Summary 54
5.2
Conclusion 55
5.3
Recommendations 56
5.4
Suggestion for further research 58
Bibliography 58
Research
question 60
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
There is a general believe that man
has the natural tendency to be lazy with regards to work and he is being forced
by circumstances to work. This idea about man still continue to create problems
for the development process of the society in the face of abundant human and
material resources resulting to low productivity. Low productivity is a problem
that thrives in many societies particularly in the developing countries
irrespective of constant efforts. A lot of money, energy and time are wasted
which if properly utilized will yield higher productivity level and as such a
greater wealth form the societies for the production of goods and services for
the satisfaction of human needs. Thus when human resources are minimally
utilized and maximum output are realized, it leads to realization of
organization goals and predetermined objectives associated with these
productive activities. The extent to which these human resources are
effectively utilized, depends largely on some factors all which plays an
important role in the production of goods and services'
Organizations, no matter their nature, structure and
capacity always aim at achieving their
predetermined corporate objectives. Otherwise the survival of such organization
will be more of a dream than reality. The success of an organization is often
measured by the extent of how capable, dedicated, committed and motivated an
employees are in an organization, though this can however be said to be
independent on the attitude and morale of the workers in terms of their
commitment and dedication towards the discharge of their oversight
responsibilities. In all productive activities, the basic element and factors
include land, labor and entrepreneur. The entrepreneur and the workers are both
human and as such very important in any productive enterprise. They utilize the
other factors for the realization of the goal of the enterprise it can then be
adduced that human beings playa very vital role within any system and in
particular industrial organization. For this reason alone they should be gIven
a high consideration so that they can contribute effectively and efficiently
during productive activities.
However in Nigeria, as well as in
other developing nations, low productivity remains a recurrent phenomenon owing
to the physical and psychological problems created by the needs to see how
these problems can be solved, which in turn will lead to higher productivity of
the organization. It is then necessary for motivation of workers in an
organization to be enhanced in order to attain effectiveness and efficiency of
workers at various works place.
Abiola (1992), one then wonders what
the basic prerequisite of workers productivities are. Although this question
cannot be answered with a definite statement, but among other factors, motivation
is important to enhance level of job commitment of employees in an organization
which invariably leads to higher productivity level. One of the major concerns
of an organization is to improve workers productivity level which is one of the
job performance measures. (Bormann 2004).
Greguras(1996) describes job
performance as the extent to which an organizational members (employees)
contributes to achieving the objective thrives of the organization. According
Luthan (2006) when you expect the best from your employee they will give you
their best. On the other hand, when you expect little from them they will give
you low performance in return, which was named by Man zone and Brasseux (2004)
as a set-up to fail syndrome. Many people feel that they are not recognized or
appreciated by their employers for their hard work and in turn developed
decrease motivation. Lack of communication and feedback and feed back from
employers cause employees to feel over looked and inhibit them at performing at
their best level of ability. Employees motivation may however be defined as an
internal zeal which from part of the management strategies and tactics and used
in influencing the behavioral attitudes of workers to wards works.
Luthans (1998) asserts that
motivation is the process that arouses energIzes, directs -and sustains
behavior and performance. That is the
process of stimulating people to action and to achieve a desire result. One way
of getting the best out of people is to employ motivation. There are so many variables that constitute
motivational concept or factors. This includes Money, Promotion, Bonuses,
Conducive work environment amongst others.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The management of people at work is
an integral part of the management process to understand the critical importance
of people in an organization, is to recognize that human element and the
organization are both synonymous in nature. Some leaders or managers do not
appreciate the fact that that employees have to be adequately motivated to
ensure that they do what is expected of them as at when due with less
supervision, so that both individual and organization objectives could
efficiently and effectively actualized without much conflict.
However, the prevailing situation in
the environments where supply of labor is greater than its demand, also, in
order to find lasting solution to the unproductive nature of the public
servants in the government establishment or parastatals, the concept of
motivation shall be critically examined with a view to unveils some problems.
Inadequate motivation policies for
employee's couple with lack of commitment, discipline, and loyalty on the part
of the motivated staff. Another incentive like housing esteem ego goes a long
way in motivati1"lg workers. The question now is has each organization has
enough money to execute its housing scheme. Also that worker feels reluctant to
work when they are not been motivated. Another problem is that
workers generally would dislike to work under autocratic leader who has little
or no regards their workers. Inadequate training and development leads to poor
performance of the workers. All these among others are what induce me into this
research work.
1.3
PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The purpose and objective of the
study are follows:-
·
To ascertain the extent on how
promotion as a factor of motivation influence workers effectiveness and
efficiency at work place.
·
To equally examine the effect of
fringe benefits on the performance of workers in the organization.
·
To identity various motivational
policies embarked upon by the organization on its workers.
·
To examine how often does
organization review its salary structure and it effect on workers effectiveness
and efficiency.
·
To establish the relationship or
correlation between bonuses given and effectiveness and efficiency of an
employees.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
To what extent does promotion enhance workers efficiency?
Does fringe benefits improved employee
effectives
To what extents are bonuses given increased the
productivity of employees.
How often does organization review its salary structure?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
Ho:- That there IS no significant relationship between
promotion and workers efficiency.
Hi:- That there is significant
relationship between promotion and workers efficiency.
Ho:- That there is no significant
relationship between fringe benefit and employee efficiency.
Hi:- That there is significant
relationship between fringe benefits and employee efficiency.
Ho:- That there is no significant
relationship between salary / Remuneration packages and worker efficiency
Hi:- That there is significant
relationship between salary and worker efficiency.
1.6 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
The significant of this finding is to
know why some workers in the Lagos state Development and Property Corporation
are not effective and efficient in terms of their contribution to organization
growth and development. The study will enable the management of the corporation
to develop effective and efficient motivational incentives
that will enhance workers effectiveness and efficiency.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research finding covers total effect of motivation
of motivation or relevance of motivation on employee performance with a
critical look on Lagos state Development and Property Corporation (L.S.D.P.C).
It covers the entire staff of the corporation.
1.8 LIMITATION
In carrying out this research work, here are some
considerable factors which could militate against the smooth operational
conduct of this finding. Financial and time constraint shall constitute major
problem since value is attached to every minute during work hour. In addition,
management usually defends their organization of which their interest is not
synonymous with that of their workers.
1.9
DEFINITION OF TERMS
MOTIVATION:- Internal
zeal that energizes workers towards performing a particular function or task.
MOTIVES:-
Reason
for taking a particular course of action.
MANAGEMENT: - Planning, Coordination
and Organization of all activities in an organization so as to achieve an
organization predetermined objectives.
Effectiveness: The degree
to which goals are attained.
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