ABSTRACT
The fingerprint
door lock system is proposed to solve confidentiality and security issue. The
keys and padlock would have solved the issues of access control but the world
at large has overgrown such method because it can be easily manipulated and
does not guarantee personal security. Biometrics is the most secured and
convenient authentication tool. It cannot be borrowed, stolen, or forgotten and
forging one is practically impossible. This project the design and construction
of fingerprint door lock system using Arduino UNO R3 board is divided into
hardware and software section. The hardware components includes; R307
fingerprint module, LMO16L LCD, 12V, 1.1A solenoid lock, TIP 122 transistor,
batteries and Arduino. The respective components was housed by a plastic casing
with dimension of 55.88 mm height and 152.4 mm length. At the end of the
design, an accuracy test was performed to observe the security level of the
fingerprint scanner in which, it was discovered that the left thumbprint is the
most accurate with 70%, followed by the right thumbprint, right index finger
and left index finger with the accuracy of 61.2%, 41.4% and 30% respectively.
The false acceptance rate (FAR) test was carried out in which 0% was wrongly
granted access and also the false rejection rate (FRR) test was carried out in
which 20% was rejected due to wet skin. The primary objectives of the project
were achieved and the design functioned as expected. Hence, this project is
reliable as it could increase the security level of door access system by
implementing simple approach as Arduino.
TABLE
OF CONTENT
Cover Page i - ii
Declaration ii
Certification iv
Dedication v
Acknowledgement vi - vii
Abstract viii
Table of Content ix - xii
List of Figures xiii - xiv
List of Tables xv
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study 1
1.2 Statement
of the Problem 3
1.3 Aims
& Objectives 4
1.3.1 Aims 4
1.3.2
Objectives 4
1.4
Significance
of the Study 4
1.5
Scope
of the Study 5
CHAPTER
TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Biometric
Access Control System 6
2.2 Review
on Locks 8
2.3 Fingerprint
Authorization
11
2.3.1 Optical Scanners 12
2.3.2 Ultrasonic Scanners
13
2.3.3 Capacitive Scanners 14
2.4 Components Required for the Design of the
Fingerprint Door Lock 15
2.4.1 Arduino
15
2.4.1.1
Software Description of Arduino IDE (R3)
17
2.4.2 Fingerprint Sensor
18
2.4.3 Battery
19
2.4.4 Solenoid Lock
20
2.4.5 Liquid Crystal Display
21
2.4.6 TIP 122 Transistor
22
2.4.6.1
Applications
23
2.5 Applications & Advantages of the
Fingerprint Door Lock 23
2.5.1 Applications of the Fingerprint Door Lock 23
2.5.2 Advantages of the Fingerprint Door Lock 23
CHAPTER
THREE: MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.1 Materials
24
3.1.1 Tools 24
3.1.2 Electrical Materials
25
3.1.3 Hardware Components 25
3.2 Methodology
27
3.2.1 Hardware
27
3.2.1.1 Hardware Design Methodology
28
3.2.1.2 Hardware Connection to the Arduino 29
3.2.1.3 Hardware Connection to the Solenoid Door
Lock 30
3.2.2 Software
30
3.2.2.1 Programming (Source Code) 30
3.2.2.2 Software Design Considerations 30
3.2.2.3 Arduino Programming 31
3.3 Design Outline
33
3.4 Block Diagram
33
3.5.1 The Input 34
3.5.2 The Control 34
3.5.3 The Output 38
3.5 Circuit Design
38
3.5.1
Circuit Analysis
39
3.5.2
Mode of Operation
40
3.6 Safety in Design and Construction
41
CHAPTER
FOUR: RESULT TESTING & DISCUSSION
4.1 Results
42
4.1.1 Fingerprint Scanner 43
4.1.2 Interface
43
4.1.3 Fingerprint Scanner Enrolling 44
4.1.4 Finger Test and Matching 45
4.2
Testing 45
4.2.1 Accuracy Test 45
4.2.2 System Performance Evaluation 46
4.2.2.1 False
Acceptance Rate (FAR) 47
4.2.2.2 False
Rejection Rate (FRR) 47
4.2.3 System Result 47
4.2.3.1 %FRR 47
4.2.3.2
%FAR 48
4.2.4 Table of result
48
4.3 Packaging
49
4.4 Cost Analysis of Components
50
CHAPTER
FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
51
5.2 Recommendation
52
5.3 Problems Encountered 52
REFERENCES
53
Appendices I: Programming Source
Code
55
Appendices II: List of Symbols
62
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
It
has been noted over the years that, the general trend of human nature has
always been longing for security physically, mentally and socially. It is no
longer news that there has been recorded tremendous increase in the crime rate
everywhere in the world. This issue is turning more severe every day
(https://bestengineeringprojects.com/Arduino-fingerprint-sensor-lock/). To get
away with this problem, there is need to take help from technology; these leads
to this project “The design & Construction of a Fingerprint Door Lock
System Using Arduino Uno R3 Board”. We know the saying very well-
‘Prevention is better than cure’, rather than to face the loss it is much
better to take necessary actions to eradicate that issue before it happens.
However, it is prerequisite to note that
some decades ago, when security was less of a concern in the society, our
forefathers comfortably used simple sleeping mats to cover the doors of their
huts. They were not bothered at all by any event of a burglary attack because
they had a system that wouldn’t allow that to happen. Everyone knew their
neighbours and virtually everyone else in the village. Nowadays it has become
almost impossible to achieve that kind of sanity and therefore various tools
have been employed over the years to safeguard the lives and properties of its
owners Tamunowari, (2018).
Security describes protection of life
and property. There are doors to keep people out, Key locks and chains
reinforce the mode of security. Doors are being made of metals not just wood
anymore. Influential persons in our society have bullet proof doors to ensure a
good measure of security of self and family Ushie James Ogri, Donatus Enang
Bassey Okwong, Akaiso Etim, (2015). The security sector is experiencing
diversification as it has never seen before. This has brought about the need to
review the reliability of already existing systems and look into the
possibility of creating better systems that are smarter and more secure Ushie,
et al, (2015).
The present electronic security systems
we now enjoy have unequivocally been around for a very long time, although it
has gone through a series of evolutionary changes to cater for the needs and
security concerns of the present generation Tamunowari, (2018).
From using sticks to wedge doors to
using mechanical locks, security systems have metamorphosed into using
electronic equipment such as the microcontrollers which is intended to be used
for this project to achieve a satisfactory security system Tamunowari, (2018).
Due to the drawback of other various
form of door lock system; these nurture the needs for the design of a digital
door lock system. Hence, this project work caption “The Design & Construction
of a Fingerprint Door Lock System Using Arduino Uno R3 Board”
presented here is an access control system which basically allows only
authorized persons to access a restricted area; this system is best suitable
for corporate offices, and home security.
Fingerprint System based access control
is more secured as compared to the conventional swipe card or ID cards because
of the exclusive fingerprint for every entity. Fingerprint Security Systems
have fascinated people for centuries. They have been used as a method of
personal identification since ancient times.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Through observation, one could attest to
the fact that the metallic keys used to access mechanical door locks are very
susceptible to getting lost, which would mean breaking the locks over and over
again if there are more occurrences of such scenarios, moreover, such access
keys can be duplicated by unauthorized users. Also, another drawback of other
electronic doors is complicated programming; Since most of control access
system nowadays uses PIC, many engineers will face difficulties if problem
occur on the device. The reason is that PIC is not an open-source IDE compared
to Arduino. Therefore if problem occur, more time is needed for the engineers
to create new coding for the device. Hence, there is need for the design of
other form of an electronic door lock which will counteract the damning
consequences of such repugnant occurrences.
1.3 Aims & Objectives
1.3.1 Aims
The primary aim of this project “The
design & Construction of a Fingerprint Door Lock System Using Arduino Uno R3
Board” is to construct a device that utilizes fingerprint recognition
technology to allow access. This device
is expected to eliminate the use of mechanical/metallic keys, prevent events of
key misplacements, avoid excessive key duplication for everyone in the house
and make the apartment where it is installed more difficult to break into.
1.3.2 Objectives
The objective of this project in its
simplest terms is to replace metallic keys by building a fully featured
fingerprint enabled electronic security system prototype. Below are the various
outlined objectives.
1.
To create a door access system using Arduino
approach.
2.
To test the accuracy of this device
3.
To review similar works on electronic
door access key
4.
To understand the hardware and software
design.
5.
To construction & package of the
various components of the system.
1.4
Significance
of the Study
The study is of great importance not
just to broaden the knowledge of the students but to the society at large.
Outlined below are the reasons why this project is of great importance.
1.
Control: In a company building, one can
control and restrict who goes into what part of the building. Additionally,
residents and landlords of apartments and flats can control who can enter their
room and it reduces the risk of anything getting stolen.
2.
Fingerprint based security system is
most secured system as compared to other systems. Reason is that RFID card or
Keys of lock can be stolen, password may be leaked. However thumbnail of every
human being is unique, so lock will not open unless the same person is present
to give the impression of fingerprint.
3.
No need to carry the keys to open the
lock. Or even there is no need to remember the password or any Pin number.
4.
Scientific research and studies have
proved that fingerprints do not change as you grow up.
5.
Using Fingerprint saves time to gain
access as compared to other methods
1.5
Scope
of the Study
This project would only feature a
fingerprint-based electronic door access system. In other words, it
incorporates the fingerprint sensor and LCD. Other more advanced security
features such as bursar, iris scanner or a facial recognition camera would not
be incorporated to this design. For simplicity, this project will help in
understanding about door access system, biometric fingerprint scanner and to
study about Arduino and its application.
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