ABSTRACT
Taxation plays a critical role in
economic development and planning, serving as a vital revenue source for
governments. This study, titled *"The Role of Taxation in Economic
Development and Planning: A Study of Ogbomosho North Local Government,"*
aims to explore the historical background of taxation, assess factors hindering
effective revenue generation, and evaluate its impact on economic development
in Ogbomosho North. The study identifies various tax collection methods,
examines the challenges in tax administration, and discusses the role of
taxation in promoting sustainable development.
The research employs descriptive
statistics to analyze data gathered from a sample size of 100 individuals drawn
from the population of 134,962 in Ogbomosho North. Techniques such as random
sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling were used to ensure
comprehensive representation. Bar and pie charts were employed to present the
data.
Findings from the study highlight
that although Ogbomosho North Local Government is endowed with human resources,
inadequate funding has constrained its ability to provide essential services
such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure development. Taxation, as a
significant revenue stream, has been underutilized due to issues such as tax
evasion, lack of trust, and inefficiencies in the tax collection process.
Additionally, the study notes that while the local government has made strides
in agricultural and industrial development, challenges persist in ensuring
sustainable revenue generation through taxation.
The study concludes that the role of
taxation in Ogbomosho North’s economic development is minor, but with potential
for improvement. To enhance revenue generation and improve service delivery,
recommendations include strengthening the tax administration system, improving
staff working conditions, and exploring new tax avenues. These reforms, if
implemented, could lead to increased economic growth, improved infrastructure,
and a higher standard of living for the people of Ogbomosho North.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.3 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.8 STUDY PLAN
1.9 DEFINITION OF KEY TERM
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
I.
II.
2.2
PRINCIPLE
AND CANONS OF A GOOD TAX SYSTEM
2.3
TAX
CLASSIFICATION
CHAPTER THREE
CASE STUDY AND METHODOLOGY HISTORY
3.1 BRIEF OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT HISTORY
3.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
3.2.1 PRIMARY SOURCE
3.2.2 SECONDARY SOURCE
3.3 POPULATION AND SAMPLE SIZE
3.4 SAMPLE TECHNIQUES
3.5 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
3.6 CONTRIBUTION OF TAX TO THE CURRENT REVENUE
OF GOVERNMENT
3.7 GENERAL TREND IN GOVERNMENT TAX REVENUE
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 PRESENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS
4.2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTIC
4.3 DISCUSSION
OF FINDING
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY
5.2 CONCLUSION
5.3 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Taxation
comes from the words “LAT TAX RE” which means “to estimate”. It is a system of
compulsory contribution usually in monetary term charged by the government of
any country or its agencies against the income or wealth of a co-operative
body, individuals or partnership for the provision of amenities.
Taxes are the most important sources
of government revenue. According to K. A. Ishola (2002) he defines tax as a
compulsory levy imposed by the public authority on income, consumption and
production of goods and services such levies are, for example, made on personal
income (consisting of salaries, business profit, interest, income dividend,
royalties). Company profit, petroleum profit, capital gain and capital
transformers.
The government has certain functions
to perform for the benefits of those its governs. The scope of the economic
orientation of the members of a particular society of a giver point in time,
their need, aspiration and their willingness or ability to pay tax. This among
traditional function of the government is the provision of collective of public
goods i.e. goods that cannot be divided among the separate members of the
society, but which must be used for the benefit of all, such goods include the
maintenance of land order, defense against external aggressiveness and
regulation of trade business to ensure social economic justice. A society which
deserves to accomplish more benefits through the activities of the government,
citizen of a country must be willing to pay more tax to enable the government
to meet those objectives and if necessary assume the self discipline needed to
create the desire environment for realization of such objectives.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
The
collection of personal income tax individuals which is the responsibility of
the state government and since taxation is the easiest and flexible source of
revenue for those government in an area which every government should show a
lot of concern. The researcher attempts to embarks on the role of taxation in an
economic development and planning (A case study of Ogbomosho North Local
Government) the following are the major researcher problems;
v The
historical background of the taxation
v The
reason for taxation.
v The
various methods of collecting tax
v The
effect of taxation economic development and planning
v The
examination of likely problems of administration and collection of tax in
Ogbomosho north local government.
v The
expatiation of the problem associate with the judicious use of public funds
etc.
1.3 OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY
It
is apparent that taxation forms the compulsory levy imposed by the government
authority on the income of individual firms and co-operate bodies. The objectives
of the study are;
i.
To examine the historical background of
taxation.
ii.
To identify, constitute factors impending
effectiveness and efficiency generation of revenue in Ogbomosho north local
government.
iii.
To determine the economic development and
planning
iv.
Discuss various method of collecting tax
v.
To enumerate the effect of taxation in
economic development.
vi.
To critically examine the likely problem
of administration and collection in Ogbomosho north local government.
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H0:
The role of taxation helps in economic development and planning.
Hi:
The role of taxation does not help in economic development and planning.
H0:
Taxation is promoting economic activities of a country.
Hi:
Taxation is not promoting economic
activities of a country.
H0:
Taxation does not play a major role in the economic development and planning.
Hi:
Taxation play a major role in the economic development and planning.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This
research is carried out mainly to identify the factors impending effective and
efficient generation of revenue, economic development and planning in Ogbomosho
North Local Government and also the judicious use of public funds. The research
will identify possible solution of taken seriously will enhance state economic
and development. The improve economic could be used as a model for other
western local government who share similar problem, social, political and
cultural background. This may eventually lead to an improve national economy
and social, political stability in the state.
1.5 RESEARCH
QUESTION
The
focus of this study by the researcher is to identify the role of taxation in an
economic development and planning. Hence, in the course of the study, effort
has made to find solution to the following research question;
1. What
is the historical background of taxation in Ogbomosho North Local Government?
2. What
is the impact of taxation in economic development and planning?
3. What
is the background of economic development of Ogbomosho North Local Government?
4. What
are the various methods adopted in the collection of tax in Ogbomosho North
Local Government?
5. What
are the contributions of tax to the current revenue of government?
6. What
are the problems of administration and collection of tax in Ogbomosho North
Local Government?
7. What
are the problems associated with the judicious use of public funds etc?
1.6 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
The
research is an account for economic development and planning in Ogbomosho as a
whole. This research endeavour to identify factors and forces militating
against effective economical development and hence, economical growth in the
local government. Possible solution aimed of bringing about better economic
development and growth using tax generated revenue are suggested.
1.7 LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
The
researcher intends to carry out research on the rule of taxation in economic
development and planning using Ogbomosho North Local Government as a case study.
However,
the research work has been constrain as to time, lack of recent and adequate
materials, unwillingness of the respond and the case study to give true replies
lack of co-operative of the case study. However, effort has been made to ensure
that the above limitation did not hinder effective completion and quality of
the research work.
1.8 STUDY
PLAN
The
research work has been divided into five chapters for every presentation of the
facts and figure gathered.
Chapter one will contain the
background of the study, significance of the study, research question, research
hypothesis, scope of the study and limitation and definition of the key term
and plan of the study.
Chapter two treated past and current
literature review, which include historical background of taxation, economic
development planning and growth, principle and canon of a good tax system, tax
classification, incidence of tax and type of tax collected by Ogbomosho North
Local Government.
Chapter three highlighted research
methodology and a case study effort on the topic which include brief historical
of the local government, background of economic development in Ogbomosho North
Local Government, general trend in tax revenue and contribution to the current
revenue and contribution to the revenue of government.
Chapter four discusses the
presentation and data analysis which include brief introduction of the chapter
presentation and analysis of data according to research question, problem of
tax administration and collection in Ogbomosho North Local Government and the
problem associated with the judicious use of public funds.
Finally chapter five through light on
summary, conclusion and recommendations.
1.9 DEFINITION
OF KEY TERM.
In
the course of reading the research work, the reader will come across some terms
which will be explained below;
i.
Tax Evasion: This is deliberately refusal
to pay tax, by tax payer and it is done by their refusal to fill income tax
forms.
ii.
The Avoidance: This is an attempt to lowe
the ability by tax payer.
iii.
Exercise duties: These are tax imposed on
specific goods produced and consumed in the country imposing the tax.
iv.
Value Added Tax (VAT): This is a tax
levied on goods and services at each production.
v.
Purchase tax: These are taxes levied on
specific income assess on the bases of the value of the goods.
vi.
Progressive Tax: This is a situation which
increase as income of the tax payers increase.
vii.
Tariff: These are taxes levied on imported
goods and services.
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