ABSTRACT
This study was designed to survey
divorce among women and its effects on children’ academic achievement in Oredo
Local Government Area of Edo State.
In
carrying out this study, participatory observation and questionnaires were used
to collect data for this study. The data
collected were analyzed using percentages.
The results and the analyzed findings revealed that most of the children
who are divorce victims or from divorce homes suffer parental care as a result
of living with either the father or the mother.
The
researcher went ahead to give a number of recommendations which if adhered to
could serve as a check to the rate of divorce in our present day society.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
Table of Contents vii
Chapter One:
Introduction
1.1 Background of the
Study 1
1.2 Statement of the
Problem 10
1.3 Research Question 10
1.4 Purpose of the
Study 11
1.5 Significance of
the Study 12
1.6 Assumption of the
Study 14
1.7 Delimitation of the
Study 14
1.8 Limitation of the
Study 15
1.9 Definition of
Terms 16
Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1 Meaning of Divorce 20
2.2 Causes of Divorce 24
2.3 The Immoral Behaviour of Children from
Divorce Home 29
2.4
Cases of Drug
Addiction and Truancy Among
Divorce Victims 32
2.5
Psychological and
social Effects of Divorce on
Children’s
academic achievement 36
Chapter Three: Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design 44
3.2 Population of the
Study 45
3.3 Study Sample and
Sampling Technique 45
3.4 Instrumentation 47
3.5 Validity of
Instrument 47
3.6 Reliability of the
Instruments 48
3.7 Administration of
Instrument 49
3.8 Method of Data
Analysis 50
Chapter Four:
Data Analysis and Presentation of Results 51
Chapter
Five: Summary, Conclusion and
Recommendations
5.1 Summary 62
5.2 Findings 65
5.3 Conclusion 67
5.4 Recommendations 69
References 74
Appendix 76
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Man is
an entity but does not survive alone, that is he does not live in isolation but
lived in relationship with those around him.
This idea of living together calls for cooperation which is expressed in
all the institutions man has ever known.
The family is the institution.
Since
the inception of marriage which was ordained by nature, it has gone a long way
of influencing the society both positively and negatively depending largely on
the co-actors.
Marriage
though defined by the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of current English is
an instance of legal union of a man and a woman as husband and wife that is a
state of being married.
On the
other hand, marriage is a basic institution of any culture. The state and the church powerfully support it. It is a cornerstone of any culture through
which companionship and sex relationship of man and woman achieve their fullest
and richest expression. It is through it
that children are revival maintain.
The
marriage institution dates back as far as the creation of man according to
Christian religion belief and stated in Genesis when God said let make man in
his image after our own likeness. And
God said “it is not good that man should be alone, I will make a help mate for
him” and he made a woman and brought her into man to be his wife. God institutionalized marriage.
Historically,
most societies encourage marriage and give high status to married persons. Parents particularly, fathers are actively
involved in the choice of marriage partners for their children (both male and
female) especially females. This is
because women do not only marry their husband but the whole of its extended
family. They do not join since the
woman’s future is wrapped up in her choice and often which the woman lies
access to maintain their judgment. The
parents have lived longer than have seen more deeply or more days than them
(children) because they know the people and know the families into which the
girl is going because the couple have to marry with full approval of their
families or will break away sharply and probably painful. The role of the husband and wife were
predetermined that the husband is to cam the wing and act as a protector and
channel of communication with the outside world. That of the wife being to maintain the well
being of the family and household and that these roles were expected by society
to the extent that it was prepared to take little or no responsibility in the
extent of tension and unhappiness.
Perhaps in some ways the rigidity determined boundaries.
The
African society (of which Oredo is a typical example) is very complex at least
spiritually. Many things that happen in
the water world where there exist match making and marriage which they consider
age, proximity, social class, education, physical character, family influence
and care to make the marriage successful.
Today, the ideal of the arranged marriage seem old and the recently
avoided Asian immigrants who still follow this practice are regarded by their
fellow citizen as primitive and behind the time. Yet it has many advantages, one of the
importance of which is the likelihood of greater tolerance of disharmony simply
because the unhappy spouse does not feel the need for self-blame and can
project the responsibility for the unhappiness upon the parent who choose
unwisely.
According
to Lyn Gill (1980) as a Gird for unhappiness and psychologically ills rage
scene from divorce stated that “the generation ago, divorce was so scandalous
and out the originally that it was scarcely even conventional misery within a
respectable marriage”. Divorce according
to Stars, the Rockefellers who no longer had to care about what other people
taught of them and were powerful enough to energy the publicity. Even at this, divorce still leaves indelible
mark on some. It is on record that
divorce damaged Aldai-Stevenson’s presidential in the 1960s.
According
to Nita Kolen (1981) “society up till today maintain that the main shadows of a
husband quadrants security, respect and pride for the women”. But with all these privilege that goes with
marriage, sociologists have found to their dismay that there are six (6) basic
classes of family disorganization of which divorce is a prime factor.
Individual
factors would include the various physical intellectual and personality
components that comes into play whenever two or more people interacts in so far
as individual factors are concerned, the limit seems to be interminable, social
incompatibility, personality problems, infidelity excessive drinking, financial
difficulties, in-law relationship, etc.
One or
more studies for example indicate that the following are associated with
divorce:
1.
Low
socio-economic status.
2.
Pair
divorce
3.
Early
age of marriage
4.
Certain
kinds of cross-clan marriage
5.
Premarital
pregnancy
6.
Being
raised up in broken homes
However,
divorce is a grave social-misdemeanor, agonizing, suspect and against the moral
grain but unfortunately, divorce figures continue to climb and couples split
effects their actions will have on the academic achievement of their siblings. They take the wrong step to solving maternal
problem. These divorce hide under the
motion that marriage has always been a shifting transitory arrangement. “Till death do us part” used to be a
realistic assessment of the registry in local government secretariat to
complete the marriage ritual.
After
all the above aforementioned issues, it will be very imperative for us to ask
what then are the problems or effects of divorce in our society in general,
with regard to the child’s advice achievements.
It seems to be the question that needs answer and solution. Divorce may not only mean the end of living
together between a man and a woman but also breeds instability in the society
such as problem of delinquent children and some other complete cities, one
increase in the rate of suicide, drunkenness, promiscuity and so on. These problems affect the socio-economic and
political life of any society coupled with the child’s academic achievement.
Most
importantly and publicized aspects of divorce is the effects on children of
such parents since the divorce rate itself has risen dramatically. The actual number of children affected has
correspondingly reached a staggering proportion. Some of them turn out to become robbers,
thieves and notorious when they experience hardship. All these constitute unhealthy social
atmosphere in the society, hence the retard progress of the nation in all realm
since they serve as log in the wheel of progress.
1.2 Statement of the Problems
Divorce
in our society today has given rise to problem of various dimensions. They include growth of indiscipline and
lawlessness in our society, armed robbery, thieves, drug abuse and addiction,
sex abuse, the indiscriminate behaviour such as branchy in school,
pick-pocketing, lying, examination malpractices and disrespect to constituted
authority.
1.3 Research Questions
Based
on the above assumption, the following are the researchable questions:
1.
Do
children from broken homes do well in class?
2.
What
are the immoral behaviours of children from broken homes?
3.
Do
children from broken homes involve themselves in drug addiction, truancy and
disrespect to constituted authority?
4.
To
what extent are these children affected socially, psychologically and
emotionally?
5.
Is
it right to say that parents and extended family interference have influence on
marital break-up?
1.4 Purpose of the Study
1.
The
main purpose of this study is to bring about a clear examination into the
problem facing marriage which leads to divorce.
2.
Also
to equally examine the role of supervisor in directing and guiding partners
against divorce.
3.
This
study is aimed at embarking on an assessment of the classes of people in the
society which divorce rate is predominant.
4.
Moreso,
the study equally aimed at undertaking an indebt equally of the effects of
divorce on children’s academic achievement.
1.5 Significance of the Study
Although,
divorce has been in existence from time immemorial, little or nothing has been
done to remedy its effect s on the educational and development of the children.
As a
matter of fact, the effect on children’s academic achievement as a result of
divorce cannot be over-emphasized. This
survey of divorce among women on children’s academic achievement will help to
resuscitate marriage and improve marriage relationship in order to eliminate
the high rate of divorce especially.
This study will be of immense benefit to the following areas.
It
will help the educational planners and ministry of education to device a means
of helping these children to improve in their academic achievement by
organizing individual instructions for the victims.
It
will help to bring to the awareness of such parents the damages and harm they
have caused to the children they have raised up or brought to the world.
Education
curriculum planners will find it very important based on this study to
incorporate instructional technology in school system for the benefit of such
people.
1.6 Assumptions of the Study
Certain
assumptions are made with regard to the divorce on women and its effects on
children’s academic achievements. It is
assumed that divorce among parents greatly affects their academic achievement.
Another
assumption is that girls rather than boys are the main victims of various
influences on children’s academic achievement which normally affects them in
future.
1.7 Delimitation of the Study
This
study focuses attention on students in primary and secondary schools. This study was delimited to 5 primary and
secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State namely, Idia
Secondary School, Payne Primary School,, Edo College, Eware Primary School,
Itohan Secondary school. These schools
have been chosen because they are all from different locations in Oredo Local
Government Area.
1.8 Limitation of the Study
One
limitation of the study was the difficulty in securing accurate and honest
responses from respondents. Some
respondents might not have disclose all their problems while some might neglect
the use of respondents’ perceptions to judge the accuracy of parents’
perceptions. On the other hand, they
themselves might have tricked them which they felt were likely to, but which
did not really bother their children.
Another
limitation of this study is that the result and findings may not be
generalizable to the whole of Edo State, let alone Nigeria, and for all children
problems, especially at itemized and categorized n the other sections of the
questionnaire as well as for all ages of divorce victims.
1.9 Definition of Terms
As a
first step to understanding the problems and some causes of divorce as well as
its effects on children’s academic achievements, it is necessary to define
various terms that can be encountered.
Thee terms could mean another thing outside the context:
1.
Divorce:
Is the legal ending of marriage between couples so that husband and wife
are free to remarry again.
2.
Divorcee:
This is either a divorced woman or man who is free by law to remarry.
3.
Marriage:
This is the act of two partners living together as husband and wife.
4.
Academic Achievement:
This is the performance of children in a given examination or test after
receiving series of lectures.
5.
Sorogate:
This is a custom in which a widowed man gain access to his wife’s
sister.
6.
Juvenile Delinquency:
This is the failure of the given person or youth to do what the law of
duty requires.
7.
Shaky Marriage:
This is situation whereby a marriage is not stable as a result of
constant quarrels, nagging and fighting.
8.
Infidelity:
This is lack of religious fault of partners.
9.
Desertion:
Unlawful abandonment of one spouse and children (if any) by another
spouse.
10. Wife Abuse: Unlawful battery of wives by their
husbands/spouse which may result to physical bodily harm.
11. Illegitimate Children: Children born out of
wedlock.
12. Vagabonds: Children that are lacking proper home
upbringing.
13. Spouse: Legal husband or wife.
14. Addiction: This is a condition of being a slave to a
habit and strong inclination.
15. Separation: Arrangement ordered by a court of law which
does end a marriage but requires married persons no longer to live together.
16. Truancy: This is an act to habit of staying away from
school without permission.
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