ABSTRACT
This
project work is primarily designed to provide complete understanding of poultry
farming as an economic tool commercial poultry farming is practiced by most
rural households throughout the developing world; despite the fact that its
contribution to livelihoods appears to be of little nominal value when observed
by researchers and other outsiders. This project utilizes sustainable
livelihood framework to view how commercial poultry contributes to households.
The method of data collection for the project are through: questionnaire,
personal interview, observation while the data collected were analyzed with the
use of Chi-square in the testing of hypothesis. It was asserted that employment
opportunity can be enhanced by the engagement of Nigerians in poultry farming
as a venture.
TABLE
OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of content vi
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1
Statement of the problem 2
1.2 Objective
of the study 2
1.3 Scope
of the study 2
1.4 Research
methodology 3
1.5 Statement
of research hypothesis 3
1.6 Research
question 3
1.7 Justification
of the study 3
1.8 Limitation
of the study 4
1.9 Definition
of terms 4
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0 Literature
review 5
2.1 Poultry
farming production system 6
2.2 Choosing
a chicken breed 7
2.3 Historical
background of De-olabs investment Nigeria limited 7
2.4 Essential
nutrients a poultry diets 8
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 Research
methodology 10
3.1 Research
instrument 10
3.2 Research
design 10
3.3 Questionnaire 10
3.4 Procedure
for data collection 10
3.5 Method
of data analysis 11
3.6 Population
and sample size 11
3.7 Hypothesis
testing method 11
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0 Presentation
of data analysis 13
4.1 Analysis
of questionnaire 13
4.2 Testing
of hypothesis 18
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0 Summary 20
5.1 Conclusion
21
5.2 Recommendations 21
5.3 Suggestion
for further research studies 21
References 22
Appendix
I 23
Appendix
II 24
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Commercial poultry
production is practiced by most rural households through out developing world,
despite the fact that its contribution to livelihoods appears to be of little
nominal value when observed by researchers and other outsiders. This project
utilizes sustainable livelihood frame work to review how commercial poultry
contributes to households and livelihoods.
It
would be recalled that the rate of unemployment in Nigeria is very high as
reflect by the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) with the statistics
that 700,000 jobs were available in the country compared with 7,000,000
graduates being turned out by Nigeria Universities. This is as a result of
imbalance in labour supply, rapid population growth rate and faulty educational
system among others.
This
project write up will focus attention
on commercial poultry farming production. A prospective commercial poultry
farmer should consider the following factors for the establishment of poultry
farming:
These include broiler
production, egg production, and marketing.
Broiler: is
a North American term used to describe young male or female chicken less than
12 weeks old based on fast growing breeds, reared and sold specifically for
poultry meat. For broiler production, the rapidity of turnover is very high and
the current projected profit per broiler is 300.
Egg
production: the expansion of the business of egg
production can partly be attributed to quick turn over. The current estimated
gross or net daily profit from the sale of eggs ranges from #2,000 layers is #5000
depending of course on the use of birds of superior genotype, provision of
favourable environment and managerial skill.
LOCATION
OF THE POULTRY FARMING
Legal clearance must be obtained
from appropriate authority before establishing poultry enterprise to prevent
the demolition of structures, culminating in the termination of the enterprise.
The enterprise must not be a source of nuisance in the nature of fowl odor and
noise to neighbor . Ensure access to water,
electricity and proper damage.
Capital
Outlay: This will depend on the size and type of
operation and the management system.
For the take off, personal savings of up to #250,000 can be utilized
particularly for small scale broiler production. Alternatively Agricultural
Bank Loans on liberal terns can be considered. Agricultural Credit Guarantee
Scheme (ACGSF) and the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) poultry farming
scheme can as well provide loans to prospective farmer.
Manpower
Required: For a small scale operation, one poultry attendant
should be able to manage a minimum of 2,000 birds either on the deep litter
system or in cage. Occasional operations such as manual removal of drops and
vaccination require additional labor which could be provided by the members of
the family.
Feed
Supply: In Nigeria, feed cost accounts for about 70% of the
cost of poultry production. This is due to the high cost of some critical feed
ingredients (e:g maize and soya beans )
which are needed in poultry ration. From the standpoint of a profitable
enterprise, the genetic potential of the birds is the beginning of employment. This
research is determined to critically examine poultry farming as a veritable
tool economic empowerment in Nigeria.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Poultry
farming as a veritable tool for economic empowerment depends largely on the
attractiveness of this agricultural sector to the Nigerian youth (young
graduates), government support in terms of financial support (loan, overdraft)
and market potentials for poultry products. In view of this, the following
highlighted problems are intended to be solved by this research work.
·
Can poultry farming actually provide
economic power to the Nigerian youth?
·
Is poultry farming business feasible in
the Nigerian economy?
·
Will the Land Use Act of 1978 (LUA 1978)
not be a stumbling block to the attainment of poultry farming as a business
concern?
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The
objective of the research study work is to examine poultry as a veritable tool for economic empowerment.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research work focuses on poultry farming
as an economic tool tool for man`s empowerment. Majorly to be investigated is
egg production as a means of livelihood. Therefore, it is limited to a local
commercial poultry farm in Osun State as a case study.
This
study intends to analyze the relevant process of egg production and the
attracting factors to the Nigerian youth.
1.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The
research will be conducted to examine poultry farming as an economic tool in
the hands of Nigerian youth. The source to be used for this study is based on
data collected through the two available sources, which are primary and
secondary data.
The
primary source includes data collection through personal observation, interview,
questionnaire, and other primary means of getting information.
The
secondary source includes the use of journals, newspapers, internet, annual
reports of agricultural agencies and some other relevant text books.
In the analysis of questionnaire, which were
administered in order to get information from the customers and the employees
of the enterprise, simple percentage will be used to present the various data
and Chi-Square will also be used test the relevant hypothesis.
Chi-Square
is a non-parameters measure that does not depends on population but deals with
frequency count.
Chi-Square is defined by the formulae
X2= (o-e)2
e
= At 5% level of significance = 0.05
= Degree of freedom is given by the
formula =(r-1) (c-1)
1.5 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Since the paramount aim
of this study is to examine poultry farming as an economic tool for economic
empowerment. The following hypothesis is thereby drawn for the purpose of this
study.
H1: poultry farming as an
economic tool enhances employment opportunity
H0: poultry farming as an
economic tool does not enhance employment opportunity.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTION
Research
question are declarative statement meant to obtain answer which will state what
the researcher is looking for the purpose of this research, the major questions
are:
v Can
poultry farming business feasible in the Nigeria economy?
v Can
poultry farming actually provide economic power to the Nigeria youth?
1.7 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
The researcher therefore,
belief that by studying poultry farming, it will be of benefit to the economy
and individuals alike. It will be beneficial to the economy in the sense that
it will help us determined how self employable Nigeria youth can be by engaging
in poultry farming.
This
study will equally evaluate opinion of Nigerian on how they perceive poultry
farming as a means of livelihood. In addition, this study will serve as a
reference point for future researchers who
wants to embark on a project alike.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
In the course of
justifying this research work, information were difficult to access because of
the strict knowledge and technical know-how of poultry farming which is not
available to the researcher. Other constraints include among others:
Transportation is one of
the problem encountered during the period going up and down to the industry to get the needed
information.
Another problem is the
associated problem in the process of data collection in relation to scheduling
of time. The scarcity of text books as well as on-line materials .
Time
Constraints: This project research as a limited time
lag within which the research work is to be carried out, completed and submitted
for approval. As a result, more data pertaining to the subject matter of this research
could not be collected and gathered for analysis.
Financial
Constraint: There is also the shortage of funds to
carry out this research findings at the researcher’s disposal.
Lack
of Co-operation: Some of the respondents were reluctant or
refuse to obtain questionnaire from the researcher on the pretext of time
wasting and others who misplaced theirs even misplaced them.
1.9 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Broiler: Is
a North American terms used to describe young male or female chicken less than
12 weeks old based on fast growing breeds, reared and sold specifically for
poultry meat.
House chicken: there are the fowls kept in
a poultry being provided with all the foods they need by the chicken raiser.
Unemployment:
It is an economic indicator that refers to the
number of people in an economy who are willing and able to work, but are unable
to get a job; a person in this situation is said to be unemployed
Feeding
trough: This is a feeder of carved stone, wood, or metal
construction used to hold food for animals (as in a stable)
Economic
empowerment: This is a term used to mean a program
that seek to directly (not through education or health) help people raise their
incomes and standard of living. Empowerment refers to the spiritual, political,
social, or economic strength of individuals and communities.
Brood:
Collection of young
animal who exist in the same space.
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