ABSTRACT
The essential aim of this study is the examination of the
general implication of poor sanitary condition of the residents of Ojo Local
Government Area in Lagos State. To achieve this aim, a research design that
combines a survey of 200 residents of the study area was adopted for this
study. The study found that low standard of sanitation still exists as a result
of unhealthy habit and unhygienic condition of people of unhealthy areas.
Therefore, effective health education and awareness are required in other to cultivate standard living habit among the
residents of Ojo local government area
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement
of Problem
1.3 Research
Questions
1.4 Objectives
of Study
1.5 Significance
of Study
1.6 Scope
and Delimitation Of Study
1.7 Definition
of Terms
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Literature
Review
2.1.1 Review of Environmental Law
2.1.2 Review of Legal and Policy
Responses
2.1.3 Review of Nature and
Management of Waste in Lagos State
2.1.4
Review of Problems in
Administration of Waste in
Nigeria
2 .2 Theoretical Orientation
2.3 Conceptual
Framework
2.4 Research
Hypotheses
CHAPTER THREE:
Research Methodology 3.0 Introduction
3.1 Research
Design
3.2 The Study
Population
3.3 Sample
Size and Sampling Procedures
3.4 Research
Instrument and Data Collection Methods
3.5 Methods of
Data Analysis
3.6 Field
Experience
CHAPTER FOUR:
Data Analysis, Interpretation and Presentation
4.0 Introduction
4.1 socio-Demographic
Characteristics of Respondents
4.2 Test of
Hypotheses
4.3 Discussion
of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE:
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
5.0 Summary
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Bibliography
5.4 Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
It is a settled law of all biological organisms must
essentially generate waste. It follows therefore that irrespective of social
and economic status, humankind must inevitably generate waste in various forms
which include gas, liquid and solid on a daily basis, the geographical location
in which they live notwithstanding.
Waste management has to do with the handling of solid
refuse from its sources of generation through storage, collection,
transportation, recovery and treatment processes to disposal. Gaseous and
liquid waste arises from industrial waste such as polluted water and carbon monoxide
as by-products of diesel oil used in industries as alternatives to the
generation of electricity. The poor and unmaintained sewerage system, and
poultry and piggery waste in the city also contribute to environmental
pollution and nuisance, which are hazardous to human life (Omoleke, 2006).
In order to protect human health and the environment from
the potential hazards of inappropriate waste disposal and environmental
pollution, systematically supervised and controlled handling of these wastes is
an absolute requirement. However, the type of waste that constitutes
environmental pollution is domestic refuse consisting of degradable food waste,
leaves, dead animals, corpses and non-degradable waste such as plastic, glass,
nylon, and medical and hospital waste (Omoleke, 2006). The waste is generated
in households, hospitals, industries and commercial centres.
In view of the fact that the essence of waste management
is to maintain an acceptable level of the quality of the environment, sound
public health and creation of aesthetic value, this study focuses on
implication of poor sanitary condition among the residents of Jakande-Ajangbadi
area in Ojo local government area of
Lagos State.
According to Olukoye (2000), a major reason for the
social concern with environmental sanitation has been the presence of physical
and biological threats and dangers associated with poor sanitation, as it
affects life and health. The environment technically includes all those
external factors both living and non-living that affect an organism. Human
environment in both its natural and man-made aspects is not only a source of
threats to life, it is also a sheltering that relates positively to health as
biological, psychological and social needs. It follows that both health promotion
and protection value overlap with other social values that have environmental
implications. Thus, human health and its general well-being has always depended
on our relationship with environment.
The widening gap between technological developments and
the ability of institutions to adapt is at the root of the multiplication of
environmental problems that confront us in our houses, at work or on the
street. All of these environmental and institutional problems in tum are
intertwined with and form a part of the social problems of the day. Therefore,
our recourse according to Hanlon (2009) is to join the rest of the world, to
live on it with greater wisdom than before, and to anticipate and guard against
those environmental forces, natural and man-made, that might mitigate against
our health.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Common types of environmental sanitation problems are
associated with cultural behaviours, inadequate health education programmes,
population growth, poor management and technological developments, and since
the relationship between sanitation and health has been established, the
government should now direct its programmes towards eliminating all possible
sources that can endanger health. If strict measures are taken with full
participation of the community the most prevalent communicable diseases in
Nigeria will gradually be eradicated, as most of these diseases are directly or
indirectly related to our environment. Since the relationship between
sanitation and health has been established, what type of programme can
individual, community or government initiate to eliminate all possible sources
that are hazardous to life?
In view of the above therefore, this study examines the
implication of poor sanitation on the residents of Jakande-Ajangbadi areas in
Ojo local government area of Lagos State.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
What are the roles of
governments and the citizens towards keeping healthy environment and practices
in Lagos State?
2.
What are the
challenges facing government and the people in keeping healthy environment in
Lagos state?
3.
Are there any
relationship between the quality of environmental sanitation and quality of
health of the people in the study area?
4.
How can we promote and
improve on quality sanitation habits among residents of Lagos State?
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
1.
To assess and
evaluate environmental sanitation practices in the study area.
2.
To examine the health
related problems associated with poor environmental sanitation in the study
area.
3.
To highlight the
constraints and challenges of keeping healthy environment in Lagos State.
4.
To make
recommendations for improving and promoting quality sanitation habits among the
residents in the study area.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
Studies have shown that issues surrounding environmental
sanitation are concern of everybody including public and private bodies,
individual and groups, family members and government. This underscores the
central role played by education and awareness, it also justify the need for
this current study.
Also the study is expected to shed more light on the
social and health implications of poor sanitary conditions and low standard of
living in Nigeria. Therefore, the study is part of the effort to educate the
Nigerians about unhealthy habits and unhygienic condition.
Finally, the study will make a veritable source of
secondary information both locally and internationally. Therefore, other
researchers, public, government agencies and other interested readers stand to
derive a lot of information as related to healthy living and maintenance of
quality and standard of environmental sanitation.
1.6 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF
STUDY
The entire work of this research focuses on implication
of poor sanitary condition in Lagos State. To collect a reliable data Jakande
and Ajangbadi Area in Ojo Local Government Area was selected as study area.
This choice is due to some limitations, which do not allow for a total and
comprehensive study such as economy of time, finance and energy saving.
In view of this, the choice of this study area is
believed to be relevant because of growing population of the area. For instance
rural dwellers coming to the urban areas like Jakande and Ajangbadi every day,
they are likely to continue their unhealthy habits adding to the already
unhygienic condition of the area.
1. 7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Environmental
sanitation:- The art of keeping
our surrounding clean and control of all sources and factors that can aid the
spread of diseases.
Health:- Is a state of complete physical mental and social wellbeing,
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Public health
law:- these are laid down rules and
regulations relating to the protection and promotion of good health standard.
Management:- may be defined as the creation and maintenance of an
environment in which individuals working together as a group can accomplished
the pre- set goals within the limited resources available.
Pollution:- means to destroy the purity, sanity or the quality of
water.
Nuisance:- anything that is likely to injure health either directly
or indirectly is a nuisance.
Technology:- systematic application of knowledge and skill to
practical performance or tasks in production.
Hygiene:- is the scientific knowledge and application of healthy
living.
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