ABSTRACT
Leadership is the key to social
upliftment, social stagnation and even social decay, but there is no such
agreement as to which kind of leadership is most capable of meeting and
enhancing national development. The ability of a leader to coordinate member’s
behaviour in the pursuit of goals is referred to as leadership. George and et
al (1990) defined leadership as a relationship in which one person accepts the
responsibility for the fate of self and others in relation to achieving a task.
The problem of our country is that of leadership. Successive government have
already missed and lost, considering the unrelenting progression of corruption,
bad governance and bad economic management. The consequence of bad governance
and frustration impeded on the youth is observable in the increase proportion of
Nigerian youths who try to see of salvation of foreign shoes.
The problem of unemployment has been
considered as an underdevelopment problem. Youth unemployment is caused by the
ruling elite who mismanaged the economy mostly through corrupt practices. Youth
who constitutes a potent and latent human resourced of any country are not
truly engaged in labour thereby causing insecurity to the nation. The aftermath
of bad governance, frustration led the youth to seek greener pasture elsewhere.
The research work exposed the leadership problem in the country, it exposes the
internal dynamic of a corrupt leadership in the political economy. The main
objectives of the study are to find out the problem of leadership that resulted
in mass movement of youths to Europe due to corruption, bad governance, seek
recommendation and solutions.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENT vi
CHAPETER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study 1
1.2
Statement of the Problem 2
1.3
Objectives of the Study 3
1.4
Hypotheses of the Study 4
1.5
Significance of the Study 5
1.6
Scope of Study 6
1.7
Definition of Terms 6
1.8
Methodology 8
1.9
Limitation of the Study 8
CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Principles of Leadership 15
2.3 Leadership Theories and Models 16
2.4 Leadership and National Development 27
2.5 Status of the Nigerian Youth 29
2.6 Youth Migration (Nigerian Case) 30
2.7 Repositioning Nigeria Youth for National
Development 31
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Area of Study 33
3.2 Method of Data Collection 33
3.3 Sampling Techniques 33
3.4 Measurement Variables 34
3.5 Data Analysis 35
3.6 Hypotheses 35
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Results and
Discussions 36
4.2 Demographic
Characteristics of Respondents 36
4.3 Adherence
to Ethical and Social Values by Nigeria 40
4.4 Problems
of Leadership in Nigeria 41
4.5 effects
of Leadership on National Development 45
4.6 Factors
Influencing Youth Migration 48
4.7 Hypotheses
Testing 52
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
5.1 Summary 60
5.2 Conclusion 63
5.3 Recommendations 64
Bibliography 69
Appendix 71
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
In
Nigeria, the quest for national development is always at the heart of the
leaders and the led. Leadership is the process of influencing group activities
towards attainment of goals. The quality of leadership in any given country has
a direct influence on the development of that nation in terms of the standard
of living, available infrastructures, and poverty, level on unemployment among
others. According to World Bank Report (2006) a nation’s wealth is measured in
terms of balance sheet which consists of three categories of capital. Natural
assets, produced assets and intangible assets, which consists of human and
institutional capabilities that measures society’s quality index.
Nigeria
is ranked as the world’s largest producers of oil, but the leaders have not
been able to manage the oil wealth for the benefit of average Nigerian. This is
due to unrelenting progression of corruption, inefficient, bad government
policies and incompetent decision making. Mass unemployment among the able
bodied Nigerian youths to their influx to developed countries of the world in
search of greener pasture. Lack of basic social amenities is also major cause
for the influx, deficient infrastructure, inadequate health and educational
system among others. Although the problems of unemployment is a general
phenomenon depending however on the nature of the skill produced by the economy
for its own use. The features of underdevelopment in the third world economies
is lack of developed manpower required for the development of the industrial,
technological and service sector. Where the high level manpower is available,
they remain unemployed. A country with abundant natural resources and in dare
need of high level human capital could allow massive exodus of her able bodied
men and women to European countries in search of greener pasture.
Mass
exodus of youth from Nigeria also be traced to the activities of the criminal
agencies and cartels whose main business is to recruit young people to serve as
either drug carries or in case of young females, to recruit them as prostitute.
Thousands of female Nigerian teenager and youth found their ways to overseas
through these channels, and their work has led to the tragic deaths of many
promising Nigerian youths. Nigerian youth became even more desperate to take
even more during chances to emigrate, the crossing to the notorious Sahara
Desert on foot as well as the tragic risk of hiding oneself in a wheel of an
aircraft just to get to Europe. The problem of national development had remain
a hydra-headed monster looking for a messiah for help. Good governance is all
that would be required to extract the best of this unique opportunity of
abundant human and natural resources to establish sustained durable and
diversified, economy for national development.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
Rich
countries are largely rich because they are well governed, while poor countries
are largely poor because of bad governance. Good governance translates to
progressive national development, and good infrastucr=tural facilities. Good
governance implies that intangible assets of the nation are fully exploited to
manage tangible assets. Since inefficiency, incompetence, corruption, bad
management are rules of the day. It means that it will be difficult for
Nigerian leaders proved incapable of turning the advantages of oil wealth.
The
influxes of Nigerian youth to Europe and America in search of greener pastures
are due to unemployment, insecurity, lack of economic opportunities, corruption
and nepotism, which could betraced to bad leadership. The extent which bad
leadership contribute to the influx of Nigerian youths to Europe and America is
what this project intends to unravel.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
The
main objective of the study is to assess the problems of bad leadership on the
influx of Nigerian youths to Europe and America and the extent which it has
affected socio-economic development of the nation. The consequences of
unemployment as a result of bad leadership. Specific objectives were follows:
1.
To
identify major reasons for mass movement of youth to Europe
2.
To
find out the influence of unemployment on the influx of Nigerian youths.
3.
To
critically examine the relationship between the problems of leadership and
unemployment problem in Nigeria.
4.
To
provide plausible solutions that could minimize the influx of Nigeria youths to
Europe and America in search of greener pasture.
5.
To
ascertain the effects of leadership on national development in Nigeria.
1.4 HYPOTHESES
OF THE STUDY
HYPOTHESIS I
Ho: There is no significant relationship
between unemployment and mass movement of the youth to European countries in
search of greener pastures.
H1: There
is significant relationship between unemployment and mass movement of the youth
to European countries in search of greener pastures.
HYPOTHESIS II
Ho: There is no significant relationship
between leadership problem and unemployment of the youth in Nigeria.
H1: There
is no significant relationship between leadership problem and unemployment of
the youth in Nigeria.
HYPOTHESIS III
Ho: There is no significant relationship
between quality of leaders and emigration of youths to European countries
H1: There
is significant relationship between quality of leaders and emigration of youths
to European countries
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The
study is significant in many ways. It tries to determine the cause, effect and
consequences of unemployment, shed light on some of the problems of leadership
and expose the leaders inability to tackle unemployment and find solutions. It
tries to determine the structure and consequence of unemployment and mass
movement of youth to Europe. Nigerian leaders have the problem of effectively
transforming natural capital aimed at developing the economy, provide adequate
infrastructures, empowering the society through the provision of good
employment opportunities and other national development indices. Oil which is a
natural capital has increased greed and corruption to the point of strongly
eroding personal. Ethical and social values, if effective transformation had
taken place oil would have been playing a smaller role in the economy and a
number of economy sectors would have emerged and Nigeria would have been able
to diversify the economy.
The
study of this nature becomes imperative in that it will serve as an eye opener
to the leaders who would be able to ascertain the significance of good and
quality leadership, and the study will also have the potential of serving as a
guide to researchers in working on the areas of deficiencies of leaders in
Nigeria in order to improve on leadership with a view to having a sustainable
national development.
It
will also be useful to policy makers in the areas of improving the political,
socio-economic status of Nigerian society and bring under control youth
movement from Nigeria. Young women stand the chance of befitting a great deal
since they constitute the bulk of victims of human trafficking. The leadership
will know which part of the population is highly affected, youth, which is not
acceptable to national growth.
1.6 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
Movement
of Nigerian youths to develop countries of the world. The bulk of the affected
areas are Edo and Delta States, to some extent East and Western States. 70% are
from Edo State, but the study concentrate on Lagos. The North has insignificant
number. The movement cut across religion, tribe, sex and different educational
background, mostly undergraduates, dropped outs and sometimes graduates.
Basically, the study is limited to youth seeking greener pasture in European
countries, Spain, Italy, France to mentioned a few.
1.7 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Various
terms will be defined and explained to enable us understand the phenomenon
under investigation.
LEADERSHIP – The closet to a census in the
definition of the concept is that, it is a social influence process. It is
defined as the process of influencing group activities towards the
accomplishment of goals in a given situation. (Harsey and Blanchard 1977) while
(Griffin 1984) defined leadership as the ability to influence others.
EMPLOYMENT – A concept of which labour is engaged
in production i.e. a situation where all eligible citizens are working either
for themselves or for an organisation on full or part time to earn a living or
wages and salary.
UNEMPLOYMENT – Some authorities have stressed not
working and seeking to work and others like Sen (1988) recognized aspect of
underutilization of labour. It is a situation where some human factor of
production is idle, i.e. where all those eligible to work are not able to find
job. There are different types of unemployment, structural, seasonal,
voluntary, fictional, casual, disguised and cyclical unemployment. Cyclical
unemployment is the one that is most concern for the purpose of this study.
That is unemployment due to depression or recession in the economy due to bad
leadership.
ECONOMIC GROWTH – refers to the entire productive and
distribute system of the state. In an economy, you are either on production or
distributive or both. The unemployed is not contributing to the production or
distribution of goods and services. He is dependent consumer.
DEPORTEE – A person who is sent back to his
country of origin from another country for some reason.
MOVEMENT – For the purpose of this study, means
traveling or migration from Nigeria to Europe.
YOUTH – Able bodied (male & female)
traveling to abroad for greener pasture
1.8 METHODOLOGY
Refers
to the process and approach in data gathering and analysis. The use of
questionnaires in gathering data will be used. In formation from journal, survey
research and relevant literature review will be used. Gathering data from the
field which is a form of descriptive research.
1.9 LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
Problem
may be encountered in answers by the respondents. Problem of getting unemployed
who are willing and also those that were sent back. Data on theses are not
available among those who are traveling out of the country from January to
June, 2008.
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