ABSTRACT
National development is the
outcome of various
actions taken by the political leadership. However, consciously or
unconsciously, African
countries including Nigeria are not committed to all that is needed
to guarantee a nationwide
development. Most often, they allow sectional and ethnic interest to take precedence over national
interest. Consequently, it develops into championing ethnic welfare which develops into
insurgent group. This pictures the situation in Nigeria. The country has been witnessing
the activities of various insurgent groups which are detrimental to national
development. Prominent nowadays is the insurgent activities of the “The Islamic State in West Africa or Islamic State's West Africa Province”(abbreviated as ISWA or ISWAP), formerly known as Jamā'at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da'wah wa'l-Jihād "Group of the
People of Sunnah for Preaching and Jihad") and commonly
known as Boko Haram is
a jihadist terrorist organization based in northeastern Nigeria,
also active in Chad, Niger and northern Cameroon.. This
study, therefore, bent to look at insurgency and national development, using the
effect of ISWAP (Boko Haram) activities
on the economy of the northern Nigeria
to analyse the connection
between the two. The Researcher adopted the use of secondary sources of data.
Data was collected through documentary materials like
books, journals, Newspaper, Magazines, conference papers,
radio, Television commentaries and the
internet. These sources were supported with statistical data and
figures. It was found out
that various insurgent activities of the ISWAP (Boko Haram)
group have negatively affected the economy of the North, and this has deepened the underdevelopment in Nigeria. The findings are the
economic, political and social impacts of ISWAP (Boko Haram) on Nigerian
national development. In conclusion, one can see how the threat and worst Boko
Haram is on Nigerian national development.
It is therefore, recommended Nigeria should address
the major root cause of insurgency in this country, which is
socio-economic deprivation, as it manifests in high level of poverty among Nigerians. And that
all efforts should be made to provide basic needs for the people, especially by reducing the
high level of unemployment among the youths.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title
Page……………………………………………………………i
Approval
page………………………………………………………ii
Dedication………………………………………………………….iii
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………iv
Table of
Contents…………………………………………………..v
Abstract…………………………………………………………..viii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study………….……………………..1
1.2
Statement of the problem ……………………………………….2
1.3 Objectives of the study………….…………………...2
1.4 Research Questions……………..…………………………….2
1.5 significance of the study….…………………………………3
1.5
Scope of the study……………………….…………………3
1.6
Limitations of the study…………………………………………...3
1.7 Definition
of concepts/terms ……………………………………..3
CHAPTER
TWO
2.1
Literature review…..…………………………………………….6
2.3
Poverty theory…………………………………………………….9
2.4
The recent threats of Iswap on the Nigerian national security….….13
2.5
The origin of Iswap in west Africa……………………………….15
2.6 Historical development of Insurgency in Nigeria..18
2.7 Causes
of Iswap Insurgency in Nigeria ………………………………...23
2.8
The impact of Iswap insurgency on the economy of Nigeria ………….27
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Theoretical framework……………………………………………34
3.2.Research hypothesis……….…………………………………….34
3.3 Research design………………………………….…………………18
3.4 Methods of data
collection..………………………………....35
3.5 Population of study…………………………………………35
3.6 Sample size and sampling technique………………………….....35
3.7 Method
of data presentation and analysis.…………….37
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0 Data
presentation and analysis …………………………………..39
4.1 Questionnaire distribution and
their responses returned…………39
4.2 Data
presentation…………………………………………..40
4.3 Data analysis………………………………………………52
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary…………………………………………………61
5.2 Conclusion…………..……………………………………….62
5.3
Recommendations………………………………………….62
References………………………………………………………64
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study
Development is the
preoccupation of every political system and political leadership. In the same
vein, “violence and instability are not known to be catalysts for economic development”
(Msue, 2013). Therefore, it is only in an atmosphere of peace and tranquility
that an individual can progress and indeed country can achieve
national development. Since economic activities only flourish in a
peaceful atmosphere, insecurity, therefore, is a threat
to national development.
Insecurity of life and
property, which is the instrument of national progress, is common in Africa
and Nigeria. Whereas the “State is instituted by way of remedy for
the inconvenience of state of nature to avert a state of war. It
is created in order that life, liberty and property may be preserved”
(Appadorai, 1975), the Nigerian State, however, seem to have failed in
fulfilling one of the fundamental functions of a state, which is to
provide adequate security for the citizens. Nigerians feel unsecured,
unable to go about their economic activities due to the insurgency of
the Boko Haram sect. The rising wave of wicked activities of ISWAP
has put Nigeria in the global glare of publicity as being terrorist haven.
This Research, therefore, seeks to find out the devastating socio-economic
effects of ISWAP's serial killings and bombings in the Northern Nigeria, especially
in Kano, Borno, Yobe, Adamawa, Niger, Kaduna, Plateau, Kogi, Bauchi and Sokoto.
It seeks to analyse the jeopardy ISWAP insurgency has put the economic and
commercial activities in the north into, affecting negatively not only
the economic prosperity of the north in particular but also the
development of Nigeria in general.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
ISWAP is a terrorist
organization which caused the loss of lives and properties in northern Nigeria,
while others considered it as insurgent group financed by foreign nationals to
spoil the image of Islam and Muslims. There are causes and factors that
impacted negatively on Nigerian national development which include economic,
political and social affairs. This study tries to answer the questions on ISWAP
that are:
·
What is the origin of ISWAP in Nigeria?
·
What are the factors that caused ISWAP in
Nigeria?
·
How does ISWAP impact on the National
development?
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study, therefore,
sought to look at the insurgency and national development, using the
effect of ISWAP activities on the economy of Nigeria to analyse the connection
between the two.
The specific objectives are:
·
To study the origin and root cause of ISWAP
in Nigeria.
·
To discover the impact of ISWAP on the
national development.
·
To find solutions to ISWAP insurgence in
Nigeria.
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions were posed
to guide the study:
1.
What are the causes of ISWAP insurgence in
Nigeria?
2.
What are the impacts of ISWAP insurgency on
the National development?
3.
What are the solutions to ISWAP insurgency in
Nigeria?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will contribute in theory-building
to assist student researchers, scholars, Organizations and government in
finding solution to the ISWAP insurgency of attacks, destructions of lives and
properties, armed robbery, kidnapping, raping and other social violence which
affected social sector of the society and other economic activities due to lack
of peace and security.
1.5
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this research is limited to a critical
examination of ISWAP insurgency in Nigeria and its impact on the National
development. The geographical scope was limited to the 23 Armoured Brigades,
Yola of 3rd Armoured Division Adamawa State.
1.6 LIMITATIONS
OF THE STUDY
The researcher encountered some difficulties
in the process of carrying the research. Chiefly among is the biased and
uncooperative attitude of the officers that served as the respondents of the
research. Ensuring that the questionnaire was well completed and returned was a
big challenge for the researcher. This situation compelled the researcher to
visit the Army base on many occasions in order to share and retrieve the filled
in copies of the questionnaire. The risk
and cost of transportation to the Army barracks was also overwhelming because
of poor road network in from the East to the Northern State. Financing the
research from the beginning to the end posed some challenge to the researcher
because of the economic condition of Nigeria.
1.7
DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS/TERMS
Islamic State's West Africa Province (ISWAP)
The Islamic State in West Africa or Islamic State's West Africa Province (abbreviated
as ISWA or ISWAP), formerly known as Jamā'at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da'wah wa'l-Jihād ("Group
of the People of Sunnah for Preaching and Jihad") and
commonly known as Boko Haram is
a jihadist terrorist organization based in northeastern Nigeria,
also active in Chad, Niger and northern Cameroon.
Security
The term security
has a different definition by different authors; in the actual sense, it is
difficult to have a universal definition. According to Igbuzor (2001) in Mau
and Mau (2017: 22) security is defined ―as the condition or feeling of safety
from harm or danger, the defence, protection and preservation of core values
and the absence of threats to those values‖. Similarly, the United Nations
Development Program (UNDP, 1994) in Otto and Ukpere (2012) defined human security
to include such chronic threats as hunger disease and repression. Security
means protection from hidden and hurtful disruptions in the patterns of daily
life in homes, offices or communities. Security may also be defined as the
state of being or making safe secure from danger.
Insurgency
Insurgency is an organized resistance
movement that uses subversion, sabotage, and armed conflict to achieve its
aims. Insurgencies normally seek to overthrow the existing social order and
reallocate power within the country.
Development
Scholars have defined development in various
ways. Hahn-Been Lee (1970, p.8) defines development as a process of acquiring a
sustained growth of a system’s capability to cope with new, continuous changes
toward the achievement of progressive political, economic and social objectives.
In the opinion of Akonji and Akosile (2001) “it means the attainment of self
governance, to others it signifies the provision of essential infrastructure
that create a healthy atmosphere, proper provision of education, communication
and ability to evolve an amiable business environment for its citizenry while
some even sees it as achievement in technological advancement”.
National Development
Evolving from the meaning of development,
national development can be explained to mean totality of improvement in
collective and concrete terms across socio-economic, political, technology as
well as religion and is best achieved through strategies mapped out by
government as contained in the nation development plans (Akindele, Ogini &
Agada, 2013; p. 171). In the opinion of Oluwatoyin and Lawal (2011, p. 237)
national development can be defined as “the overall development of collective
socio-economic, political as well as religious advancement of a country or a
nation. This is best achieved through development planning, which can be
described as the countries collection of strategies mapped out by government.
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