ABSTRACT
Cellulases are the group of hydrolytic enzymes and are capable of degrading all types of cellulosic waste materials. Present study focuses on the isolation and screening of cellulolytic fungi and bacteria from the fish pond effluent in MOUAU. In this present study, cellulolytic bacterial strains were screened and isolated. Six isolates were found to be Gram positive. Which includes Bacillus spp, Micrococcus spp and Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Gram negative bacterial isolates include E. coli, Proteus species, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas spp. While fungal isolates includes Penicillum species, Aspergillus species, Alternaria species yeast, Rhizopus, Trichoderma.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certification i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgements iii
Table of contents iv
List of Tables vi
Abstract viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.1.
INTRODUCTION 1
1.2.
Cellulolytic
fungi and bacteria 1
1.3.
Aim of the Study 2
1.4.
Objectives of the study 2
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1.1 Recommendations for Managing Aquaculture Pond
Effluents 5
2.2
Overview of Fungi 6
2.2.1.
Water associated fungi (aquatic fungi) 6
2.2.2
Fish Pond as fungi habitat 8
2.2.3 The
Cellulolytic fungi
8
2.3.
Overview of bacteria 9
2.3.1
Growth 9
2.3.2. Factors that affect the generation time of
bacteria 10
2.3.3
Importance of bacteria 11
2.3.4. The
cellulolytic bacteria
11
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND
METHODS 13
3.1 Sample Collection 13
3.2 Sample, and Sampling and Media
Preparations 13
3.2.1 Sample Preparations. 13
3.3
preliminary screening of water samples for cellulolytic microorganism 14
3.4
Isolation of cellulolytic organisms 14
3.5.0
Characterization of isolates 15
.3.5.1 Characterization of bacteria isolates 15
3.5.2 Colony Morphology
test 15
3.5.3
Microscopic features. 15
3.6.1 Biochemical reaction test 15
3.6.2 Catalase Test 15
3.6.3 Oxidase
Test 16
3.6.4 Coagulase Test 16
3.7.
Sugar utilization test 16
3.8.
Characterization of fungi 16
3.8.1
Identification of isolate 17
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 RESULT 18
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 DISCUSSION 24
5.2CONCLUSSION 26
5.3 RECOMMENDATION 27
REFERENCES 28
APPENDIX 32
LIST
OF TABLES
Table 1: Showing
the stain, Morphology and features of the isolated bacteria 19
Table 2: showing the
morphological, microscopic features and the identified Fungi 20
Table 3: Showing the
Biochemical Test 21
Table 4: Sugar utilization Test 21
Table 5: Showing bacteria
occurrence From the Fish Pond Samples 22
Table 6: Showing Fungi
occurrence From the Fish Pond Samples 23
CHAPTER ONE
1.1. Introduction
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth and most
dominating agricultural wastes. The cellulosic waste materials can be
hydrolyzed to glucose and other soluble sugars by using cellulose enzymes of
bacteria and fungi, (Vinotha 2014).1 Cellulose has tremendous economic
importance around the globe, it is linear, unbranched homopolysaccharides
consisting of glucose.
Cellulose is an important materials from which industrially valuable
products are produced (Biasria and Ghose 2007) illustrated the importance of cellulose raw material for energy production and to
minimize load of waste and greenhouse effect.
According to Kuhad et al.,
(2011), microbial celluloses have
become the focal biocatalysts due to their complex nature and wide spread. The
starch for efficient microorganisms
which can produce cellulose that can facilitate the breakdown of cellulose to
glucose by Maki et al., (2009)
fungi and bacteria are the agent of
cellulosic degradation.
1.2 Cellulolytic fungi and bacteria
Celluloses are group of hydrolytic enzymes capable of hydrolyzing
the most abundant organic polymer i.e cellulose to smaller sugar components.
Cellulolytic enzymes plays a major role in natural biodegrading process in
which pond waters are efficiently degraded by cellulolytic fungi and bacteria, (Peciulyte,
2007). However, fungi are well known agent of decomposition of organic matters
and cellulosic substrate in particular.
1.3. Aim of the Study
Considering the importance of fugal cellulases and
bacterial cellulases, this research on study was designed to isolate and
identify efficient cellulose degrading fungi and bacteria from fish pond
located in MOUAU.
1.4. Objectives of the study
1. Isolation
of cellulose microorganisms from fish pond effluent
2. identification
of cellulose bacteria and fungi
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