COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE SENSITIVITY PATTERN BETWEEN THE CEPHALOSPORINS AND FLUOROQUINOLONES ON WOUND ISOLATES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

            A wound is a breach in the skin and the exposure of subcutaneous tissue following loss of the skin integrity which provides a moist, warm and nutritive environment that is conductive to microbial colonization and proliferation (shittu et al, 2002. Nittin et al, 2013). If the integrity and protective function of the skin is breached, large quantities of different cell types will enter the wound and initiate an inflammatory response. This may be characterized by the classic signs of redness, pain, swelling and fever (Shrestha and basnet, 2009. Calvin 1998).The whole process is termed as wound infection. The potential for infection depends on a number of patients’ variables such as the state of hydration, nutrition and existing medical conditions as well as extrinsic factors such as pre, intra and post-operative care if the patient has undergone surgery (Henzelmann et al, 2002).  Organisms commonly found in infected wounds include Gram positive cocci such as S. aureus, Streptococcus spp, Gram negative bacilli mostly Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, E. coli, Proteus spp, Ps. aeruginosa and anaerobic bacteria such as Propionibacterium spp. and Klebsiella spp. (Taiwo et al., 2002).  

The current spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria pathogens has added a new dimension to the problem of wound infections (Sule and Olusanya, 2000). This is particularly worse in resource poor countries where sale of antibiotics is under poor control (Onile, 1997). A regular bacteriological review of infected wounds is therefore a necessity if affected patients must receive qualitative health care, particularly when blind treatment is a necessity, as in underdeveloped and developing nations (Fadeyi et al., 2008). The cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones have been the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for the treatment of resulting wound infections based on culture and sensitivity results (sule et al, 2000). Hence these work is to comparatively evaluate the sensitivity pattern between the cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones on wound infection isolates.  

1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

        The aim of these research is to comparatively evaluate the sensitivity pattern between the cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones on wound infection isolates. The specific objectives to be determined in this study include:

· To isolate and identify the bacteria organisms associated with wound infection

· To determine the sensitivity pattern of cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones on isolates from wound infection.

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