ABSTRACT
A major concern
to the government of Lagos state is the problem of solid Waste Management
within Lagos metropolis.
To ameliorate the
situation, the government put in place strategies for effective collection,
disposal and management of solid waste to improve the living environment of the
people.
A new initiative
was developed statewide after a pilot scheme was undertake in Surulere. Kosofe
and Shomolu Local Government Areas of the state. The pilot scheme bought to
fore the need to regulate private sector participation (PSP) in domestic waste
collection and disposal.
However, in view
of this, the project carried out an overview study of Lagos State Waste
Management in the state. Authority to reflect its role and significance in
waste management in the state. The study also carried out an analysis - of data
collected from primary and secondary source. Questionnaire were administered,
collected and were analyzed descriptively using inferential statistical tools.
On the basis of funding, it was revealed that with adequate funding of waste
management outfit, private or public and good service delivery, the residents
in the state would be ready to pay for waste collection.
Since waste
collection and disposal is one of the constitutional
duties of Local Government, the government (Local and State) should fashion out
a lasting strategy to ensure a clean environment for all.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
introduction
1.2
Purpose of study
1.3
Research Question
1.4
Preliminary hypothesis
1.5
Scope of study
1.6
Historical background of Surulere local Government
1.7
Limitation to the study
1.8
Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
Literature review
2.1 concept
of waste
2.2 concept
of Disposal
2.3 concept
of Management
2.4 Waste
Disposal
2.4.1
Recycling and Resource Recovery
2.4.2
Incentive for Resource recovery
24.3 waste
Minimisation
2.5
Generation of waste
2.6 Classification
of Waste
2.6.1
Liquid waste
2. 6.2
Solid Waste
2.7 Stages involved in Waste Management
2.8 Sewage
2.9 Characteristics of Sewage
2.10 Methods of Sewage
2.10.1 Non
Network Water Independent Method
2.10.2
Network Water Dependent method
2.11 Solid
Waste Management
2.12 The
process of solid waste Management
2.13 Refuse
Storage
2.14 Refuse
Transportation
2.15 Refuse
Disposal
2.16
Attributes of Sanitary Landfill
2.17 Incineration
2.18 Law
Guiding waste management in Lagos State
2.19Waste
Disposal in Lagos State
2.20
Commercial and Industrial Waste Collection in Lagos State by
LAWMA
2.21
Domestic waste collection in Lagos state
2.22 Landfill
Disposal
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
Research methodology
3.1
Introduction
3.2 Restatement
of the research questions
3.4 Research
Design
3.5
Identification of the study population
3.6
Determination of sample size and sampling procedure
3.7
Determination of data collection instrument
3.8
Administration of the data collection instrument
3.9
procedure for processing and analyzing data
3.10
Limitations of the Methodology
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Analysis
of Data
4.1 Procedure
Used for analyzing data
4.2
Analysis of Personal Data
4.3
Analyzing of Research questions
4.4 Testing of Hypothesis
4.5 Summary of findings
4.6
Observations of monthly environmental sanitation day
4.7
patronage of private sector Participation (PSP)
4.8
Operation of PSP in Local Government Areas
4.9 PSP
having required Equipment
4.10 Government
Assistance to PSP
4.11 Cart
Pushers Operations
4.12 Cart
Pushers Dumping at designed Dumpsites
4.13 Cart
pusher allowed To Operate
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
Conclusion and recommendations
5.1 Summary
of the Whole text
5.2 Summary
and conclusion of findings
5.3
Recommendation for further studies
5.4
Recommendation for further studies
Biography
Appendix
one
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
In the sanitation
of the environment, disposal of wastes has been identified as being of utmost
importance. It is the first problem which must be discussed in any community
for the fact that it is basically controlled for enhancement of health of the
people in the environment, because the success of any other health measures
introduce will depend to a large extent upon the efficiency with which it is solved. The
task of maintaining a healthy environment through sanitary disposal of waste
has become more difficult in recent times in West Africa and most other
developing countries of which Nigeria is one. The reason been that of
population explosion, migration of the people from rural to urban areas, the
mobility of population as a result of style of life, the increase in outdoor
recreation and industrialization.
Health planners;
therefore, as those charged with the responsibility of providing health to the
people determine what wastes are, identify the various types of wastes and
highlight the relationship between wastes and public health, with a view to
working out suitable ways of dealing with these wastes.
However, the
waste problem has become inter-government in scope and the local governments
still retain their constitutional roles, the state and the federal government
have assumed the role of the big brother in waste management the role of Local
Government in waste management is imposed both by the federal constitution and
the local government (Basic and transitional provision) Act 1989. Indeed waste
management has been recognized as an integral part of health and environment
services of local government for the state government.
Most states in
the Federation have by enabling edicts
established, Environmental sanitation authorities, in which we have
Lagos sat waste management Authority (LAWMA) in Lagos, Ibadan solid waste
management.
Management
of Solid Waste
The need for the
agencies has arisen from the expanding complexity of the waste and the
inability of the rations local government councils to cope with the problem
alone.
1.2 PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose of
this study IS to determine the extent to which the facility used by local government to
manage waste needs to be improved upon,' to be able to cope with the mounting
bills of refuse that abound in the urban center. The study will also try to
determine if the participation of private initiatives will assist the
government in improving the general health of the populace.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following are
the research question, which the study aims to provide answer to.
i.
How effective IS the use of private initiative in the
control of Waste disposal?
ii. Is there any correlation
between waste disposal management and health hazards?
iii. What is the
role of government in waste disposal management?
iv. Can any
economic value be derived from the salvage of material from waste?
1.4 PRELIMINARY HYPOTHESES
The following
hypotheses will be the main focus of the study.
1.
Ho: The introduction
of private initiatives does not contribute to effective waste disposal
management
Hi: The introduction of private initiatives
will contribute to effective waste disposal management.
2.
Ho: Ineffective
waste disposal management does not contribute to health hazards
Hi: Ineffective waste disposal management
contributes to health
hazards.
3.
Ho: Government
involvement is not needed for the effective
Management of
waste disposal.
Hi: Government involvement is needed for
effective waste management control.
4.
Ho: Salvaging for
waste materials as a mean of employment is not a worthwhile venture.
Hi: Salvaging for
waste materials as a means of employment is a worthwhile venture.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the
study will be limited to finding out an appropriate
sanitation and
cost effective system of waste management in Lagos State and mush in Local
government area in particular, which will eradicate the environmental health
problems, and to examine the existing methods of waste management and also to select
viable ones among them for efficient management of these wastes.
It will also try
to identify the environmental health problems associated with ineffective waste
management and the effects on the people in the communities under Mushin Local
Government and Lagos State at large.
1.6 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SURULERE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT.
Surulere Local Government
is described as the center of commerce. It is located in the heart of Lagos and
has modern amenities like tap water, electricity supply, telephone network, and
good road networks it is bounded in the north by Oshodi-Isolo Local Government,
in the East by Shomolu Local Government and in the south by mainland Local
Government.
Formerly,
Surulere was part of Ikeja Native Authority in the western Region before it was carved out as
a District in 1954 with its boundary extending to the present Shomolu Local Government
council, initially Surulere District council started as a one room rented shop
on palm Avenue, but it was later moved to Isolo road on the site presently
Occupied by the Lagos State waste disposal board and the Nigeria police zone D
command.
The council moved
to its present administrative secretariat in 1965 when its Isolo
road secretariat was razed down during the political riot code named
"Wetie".
With the army
suspension of political activities in 1966 and the creation of Lagos State in 1966, Mushin District
council was elevated to a town council Status. The 1976 Local Government
edict divided the council into two: Surulere west Local Government which
covered Surulere, Agege motor Road, Iso10, Shogunle, Onigbongbo, Ejigbo,
Odi-olowo; Maryland, Ilupeju, Cappa and Estate. While Surulere East Local
Government covered Bariga, Shomolu, Kosofe and environs.
With subsequent
persistent agitation from members of the public, the Government later changed
the name Mushin East to Shomolu Local Government.
During the
civilian administration between 1979 and 1983 Surulere Local Government was divided
into four local governments councils, namely, Surulere Itire /Tkate. Oshodi/Isolo and
Odi Olowo / Ojuwoye / Onigbogbo.
The council
Management System of Local Government was however short-lived as the military
Administration that came into power in December 1983 abolished the
proliferated system and maintains the 1976 status quo. Consequently, the three defunct
Local governments served as area offices to Surulere Local Government for
administration convenience.
The creation of
12 local government in Lagos state and, subsequent boundary adjustment saw
surulere Local government losing some of its area of Ikeja and Mainland Local
Government.
The declaration
of August 27 and 29, 1991 by the federal Government saw the creation of 15
Local Government in Lagos State and once again Surulere Local Government lost
Oshodi/lsolo thereby leaving only Surulere Ilupeju and Itire areas, with the
provisional figures of the 1991 National census putting the Mushin Local
Government population at 986,847 people.
1.7 LIMITATION
TO THE STUDY
The research work
on waste disposal management will be restricted to Lagos Sate and Mushin Local
Government in particular. To a large extent, the records and documents to be
used in the writing of the project will be limited to this defined local
government, Surulere Local Government and Lagos State.
In the same vein,
waste management is the realm at which the writing of this project will revolve
so as to point out the necessary areas in which improvement are necessary to
this field of management.
1.8 DEFINITIONS
OF TERMS
Some of the terms
used in this study are briefly defined as follows:
1.
Planning- it is the process by which we prepare for the future not
compromising the present them and considering the past.
2.
“K.A.I.”- Kick Against indiscipline it is agency set up by the Lagos
state Government to curb in discipline and environmental nuisance.
3.
Incineration: it is the process in which waste is
reduced to harmless ashes through the application of heat (burning).
4.
Sanitary land filling: This is the process by which waste dumped
at the landfill sites were covered daily with earth materials (sand) and there
are facilities for odour, litter, vermin and rodent control.
5.
Composting- it is the process in which the waste is sorted and the
bio-degradable substarlce, in the waste are dried and converted from can be
used as soil conditioned.
6.
Recycling: A process by which some useful materials
are sorted from waste and are made to pass through series of process or
treatment to make other similar materials e.g glass, plastics.
7.
Resource
Recovery: it is the regaining or bringing back to normal condition certain
useful materials from waste e.g returnable bottles, pallets and
others.
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