ABSTRACT
This research work examined the role of accounting record on the
performance of small scale industries in Nigeria with special reference to
selected Local Government Areas in Lagos State. The current trend and
development in small scale industries in Nigeria prompted the interest of this
research work. The objectives was to provide the means of improving managerial
skills for effective and efficient running of small business, and to also
provide means of maintaining proper accounting records and control among
others.
The first result showed that there was significant relationship between
managerial skills and effective and efficient running of small scale business.
The second findings revealed that. There were significant relationship between
proper accounting records and fraudulent practices of small scale industries.
Also other findings have it to positive.
This research work therefore suggested that the transaction arising from small business activities should at all times are
recorded in such a manner that the profitability of small scale business owners
is ascertained.
However, the owner of a small business has no time for elaborate system of
book-keeping. Yet it is essential for him to keep a clear and accurate account.
Surprisingly, many small scale industrialists do not know whether their
businesses are operating at a profit or at a loss, Book-keeping in a small
scale business, plays a vital role no matter how efficient a business is run.
Failure to keep adequate records may spell doom for the company. The recording
of all transaction in terms of money value is the first purpose of
book-keeping. The records in turn provide all information to compare the cost
of carrying on any form of business with the revenue derived from such business and considering other who have invested money in them to know
whether the company is making profit or loss. The accounting records will serve
the purpose of giving the owner information on the degree of efficiency or
otherwise of its management, how and where it earns most income? What trends
therefore are in the trades or services concerned? And, or what steps may be
taken to improve its earning capacity?
Accounting records are not only good, but may be required by law, legal and
financial questions that may be raised by government agencies, banks, employees
and shareholders. There questions can be accurately answered when written
records of all business transaction is just like keeping the business history,
and based on this" the owner may know whether the business is growing or
not.
Despite the fact that book-keeping system is very important to small scale
industrialist, many of them still keep away from keeping their accounting
records because of the works involved. Some business men regard the system as a
waste of time and fund because of the additional workforce that will be
required and the cost of buying accounting materials for the use of business.
Finally, accounting record is an essential dignified and worthwhile vocation
a step forward to high executive position and outstanding business success and
it also solve the problems of proper decision making and policy implementation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the study
1.2
Statement of the problem
1.3
Purpose of the Study
1.4
Research Questions
1.5
Research Hypothesis
1.6
Significance of the study
1.7
Scope and limitation of the study
1.8
Definition of Terms
1.9
Summary
1.10
Reference
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Theoretical Literature
2.3 Development of Accounting in Nigeria
2.4 Strategic Management practice in Small
Business Enterprises
2.5 Small and Medium Enterprises
2.6 Structural Features of Small Industries
in Nigeria
2.7 minimum Records to be kept By Small scale
Industries
2.8 Accounting Records and Procedures for
Small Scale Industries
2.9 Problems of small scale industries
2.10 Survival strategies for small scale business
in Nigeria
2.11 Summary
References
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Re-statement of Research Question
3.3 Re-statement of Research Hypotheses
3.4 Research design
3.5 The Study Population
3.6 Sample Size and Sampling Plans
3.7 Data Collection Instrument
3.8 Validity of instrument
3.9 Reliability of instrument
3.10 Data Analysis
Reference
CHAPTER FOUR:
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULT
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Respondents Characteristics and
Classification
4.3 Presentation of Data Analysis According
to Research Questions
4.4 Data presentation and analysis according
to research Hypotheses
CHAPTER FIVE:
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Summary of finding
5.3 Conclusions
5.4 Recommendations
5.5 Suggestions for further studies
Reference
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
The Nigeria business system, particularly the small scale industries has
undergone a number of changes in recent years. Most small scale industrialists
in Nigeria engage in purchase of raw material into finished goods that would be
sold to the public either in small quantity or in bulk. In return they must
ensure that they pay for manufactured goods sold for any services they render
if their business is of that nature [Ajonbadi, 2002]. Moreover, the final result
of farming, manufacturing, trading or rendering of commercial or professional
services [transporting, banking, insurance, education, consultancy etc.] must
be ascertainable over a period of time which must be profitable if enterprises
are to continuous in operations.
All the transactions and contracts arising from these activities therefore,
must be recorded in such a manner that their profitability can be ascertained.
The records are kept in term of money which acts as a common measure for
estimating the value of purchases, sales, and contract for services, taxes and
rates. This act of recording the financial transaction is referred to as
book-keeping. It is also known as an art of accurate record keeping of data
relating to financial transaction in any organization. The actual systematic
recording of daily transaction in the appropriate books is called book-keeping
[Wikipedia, 2012].
However, the owner of a small business has no time for elaborate system of
book-keeping. Yet it is essential for him to keep a clear and accurate account.
Surprisingly, many small scale business success and it also solve the problems
of_ making and policy implementation.
1.2
Statement of the Problem.
Small scale industries have limitation and problems, although, all business
organizations irrespective of their objectives have philosophy of growth
survival and addictiveness [LawaI, 2003]. The inability of a business to
maintain this philosophy can be regarded as business failure. Hence, the
following paragraphs elaborate on the problems of the study:
i. Lacks
of managerial technical know - how: Here, majority of small scale industries
lack necessary managerial know-how for effective and efficient running of
business.
ii. Poor financial control poses another problem. Here, the inability
to maintain proper accounting records and have effect on the survival of a
business. In other words, many small scale business owners failed because of
their inability to understand the accounting system completely. Without
complete records of every part of the business, an owner cannot get a clear
picture of exactly how the business is progressing.
iii. More specifically, inadequate records or failure to
keep records of business transactions constitute another major problem causing
small business going into liquidation in Nigeria. For instance an owner of
business who invests in his business and trade with it, realizing N10, 300 will
think he made profit of N10, 300 without taking into consideration an expense
incurred during the period. Ascertain of actual profit cannot be obtained
without keeping proper records of all transaction during the period. Also,
another notable problem arises in the interpretation of financial data in
evaluating the performance which may be due to non-existence of accounting
records.
iv. Inability to attract qualified manpower is major
problem facing small scale industries in Lagos state. Most small scale cannot
afford to employ competent and skilled manpower due to the financial status and
reputation. Hence, once competent and skilled manpower cannot be employed, the
financial and proper accountability become problems. Even where small scale
industries are fortunate to employ qualified manpower, the general working
conditions are very poor.
1.3 Purpose of the
Study
The primary purpose of this study is to examine the role of accounting
record on the performance of small scale industries in Nigeria. Therefore, the
following paragraphs consider the main purpose of the study and it is to:
i. Provide
the means of improving managerial skills for effective and efficient running of
small scale business.
ii. Provide means of maintaining proper
accounting records and control that does not give room for fraudulent
practices.
iii. Examine factors responsible for inadequate records or failure to
keep records of small scale business transactions that leads to liquidation.
iv. Determine proper skills involved in interpretation of financial
data and evaluation of performance.
v.
Determine means with which employee's
satisfaction can be achieve through quality working conditions.
1.4
Research Questions
1. What are
the means of improving managerial skill for effective and efficient running of small
scale business?
2. Would proper accounting records and control give room for
fraudulent practices in small scale business?
3. What
factor is responsible for inadequate records of small scale business
transactions?
4. What skills should be used in the interpretation of
financial data and evaluation of performance?
5. Can
employees' satisfaction be achieved through quality working conditions?
1.5
Research Hypotheses.
i.
Ho: There is
no significant relationship between managerial
skills and effective and efficient running of small scale business.
Hi: There is a significant
relationship between managerial skills and effective and efficient running of
small scale business.
ii.
Ho: There is
no significant relationship between proper accounting records and fraudulent
practices of small scale industries.
Hi: There is a significant
relationship between proper accounting records and fraudulent practices of
small scale industries.
iii. Ho:
There is no significant relationship between
interpretation of financial data and evaluation of performance.
Hi: There is a significant
relationship between interpretation of financial data and evaluation of
performance.
iv. Ho: There is no significance relationship between inadequate records and liquidation of small
scale industries.
Hi: There is a significance relationship between
inadequate records and liquidation of small scale industries.
v.
Ho: There is
no significant relationship between employees' satisfaction and quality working
conditions.
Hi: There is a significant relationship between
employees' satisfaction and quality working conditions.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The research work was taken up to show the significance of accounting
record to aggregate performance of small scale industries in Nigeria.
Apparently, all organizations, whether small, medium or large industry needs to
pay attention to the role and importance of accounting record. Consequently, it
is clear that the contribution and importance of this study cannot be over
emphasized.
It is expected that the study will educate readers on the importance and
role of accounting records on the importance in performance of small scale
industries in particular and the economy, in general. The study will also offer
advice to government, policy makers in formulating policies that affect small
scale businesses, individuals, industrialists, academia and professionals
amongst others. The study will also offer professional advice as regards
subject matter.
The result from the study should contribute to performance of small
business and Nigerian economy.
1.7 Scope and
Limitation of the study
The scope of study would cover all aspect of small scale industries with
particular emphasis on the practices of financial and accounting record. It
will examine the quality of the managerial skills and interaction between
individual and the business environment, taking cognizance of proper accounting
technique. More so, apart from time, fund and availability of relevant
materials, this study will present relevant limitations in chapter three.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Accounting Records: This refers to all of the documentation and books involved in the
preparation of financial statements or records relevant to audits and financial
reviews.
Small scale Industries: These are small
businesses that mostly use power and small machines and employ a small nu mbers
of workers.
Performance management: This referred to a strategic and integrated approach to increasing the
effectiveness of organization by improving the performance of people who work
in them and by developing the capabilities of teams and individual
contribution.
Performance: This is described as employees' ability to meet performance expectation is
based on individual levels of capability, the degree of support provided by
management, the processes, system and resources made available to them by the
organization.
Management: This is defined as
a multi-purpose organ that manages a business, manager and manages workers and
work.
Accounting Concepts: Accounting
concepts is fundamental or basic rules and regulations which must be observed
in the preparation of financial statement of every business organization in
order to attain objectivity fairness in the in the statement.
Accounting Conventions: These are the general norms and practices of the
accounting profession which are expected to be complied with by accountants.
1.9 Summary
This chapter is
systematically written to show introductory background to the study. This
includes historical background of the study, Statement of the problem, purpose
of the study, research questions, research hypotheses, scope and limitation of
the study, definition of terms. This of course, will serve as basis with which
the whole study relied.
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