ABSTRACT
This project focuses on examining "The Nexus
between Employees' Discipline and Productivity in the Public
Sector", a case study of Nigeria Breweries Plc. The primary
agent of productivity is the organizational workforce. The key requirements for
ensuring and sustaining organizational productivity are mobilizing and
developing the workforce through a well-structured communication, orientation,
and well defined policies in place to
direct the affairs and discipline of the employees in the organization. The objectives of the study
are: to evaluate how the weak sanction against identified unethical individuals
and indiscipline on the part of political elites, result to lack of meaningful
participation in the policy making process in the public sector. To determine
how employee indiscipline arising from falsification of records, absence from
duty without leave, refusal to proceed on transfer and the decline on
productivity in the Nigeria Breweries.
The methodology used for the study was questionnaire and personal interview to collect primary data from the field, a survey
research design was employed so as to simplify the sourcing of primary data.
Also, the researcher made an attempt to test three hypotheses, and this was
made possible with the use of simple mean and average in order to situate our
findings. The findings of the study
inferred that there is nexus between employee discipline and prod activity in
the public sector; the finding also revealed that that weak sanction against
identified unethical individuals does not result to lack of meaningful
participation in policy making process in the public sector. It is therefore
recommended that, stiffer penalties to be applied against offenders on some
offences, Independence of the Judiciary in the true sense is necessary, Corrupt
officials should be made to face the
consequences of their corrupt acts and Law Enforcement Agents to be
disciplined, prompt action on cases in our courts etc. It is also recommended
that continuous training and development of employees' generally, positive
training and development through sound education, inculcate decent work ethics
through training and development where disciplined acts are brought into focus.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Content v
Abstract vii
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Back ground of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 3
1.3 Objective
of Study 4
1.4 Research Questions 4
1.5 Research
Hypotheses 5
1.6 Scope/Limitation of the Study 5
1.7 Significance
of the Study 5
1.8 Definition of Terms 6
1.9 Organization or Plan of the Study 7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.0 Introduction 8
2:1 Historical Background of the study 8
2.2 Conceptual Framework 9
2.3 Features
of an Effective Disciplinary Process 11
2.4 Causes of
Indiscipline in the Nigeria Pubic Sector 13
2.5 Disciplinary
Measures against Serious Misconduct in the Public Sector 14
2.6 Employee
Discipline Policy in the Public Sector 16
2.7 The
relevance of Evaluating Employee Discipline in the Public Sector 18
2.8 Labour
Union-Involvement in the Nigeria public Sector 19
2.9 Characteristics
of Exemplary Followership in Organization 20
2.10 Prospect
towards Promoting Discipline in the Nigeria Public Sector 23
2.11 Theoretical
Framework 26
CHAPTERTHREE: METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
33
3.1 Restatement
of Research Questions & Hypotheses
33
3.2 Research
Design 33
3.3 Population
of the Study 34
3.4 Sample
and Sampling Procedures 34
3.5 Data
Collection Instruments 34
3.6 Administration
of Data Collection Instruments 35
3.7 Procedures
for Data Analysis 36
3.8 Limitations
of the Methodology 36
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4·0 Introduction
36
4.1 Respondents
Characteristics and Classification 36
4.2 Presentation
and Analysis of Data According to research question 39
4.3 Presentation
and analysis of data according to test of hypotheses 47
4.4 Discussion of Findings 52
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5·0 Introduction
53
5.1 Summary of findings 53
5.2 Conclusion
54
5.3 Recommendations
55
5.4 Suggestion
for Further Study 57
References 57
Appendix 60
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In the public sector, there is the need to serve
constituents, the need to ensure that employees are discipline in order to
blend with the organizational objectives to operate successfully, and the need
to provide services that optimizes limited resources, while creating strategic
direction for future advancements and productivity.
However, the strategies that consistently make the
difference through a concerted employees discipline are those that mobilize and engage individuals to perform at their
best. New tools and techniques or better leadership will not do the job unless
there are followers who get on board with the right mix of disciplined
behaviour. Programs, policies and procedures can create the environment for
productivity.
But the primary agent of productivity is the
organizational workforce. The key requirements for ensuring and sustaining
organizational productivity are mobilizing and developing the workforce through
a well-structured communication, orientation, and well defined policies in,
place to direct the affairs and discipline of the employees in the
organization.
When the organization is viewed as a unified system, it
becomes clear that all organizational elements are crucial for sustained
productivity with the ideal motivation, sanctions in order to instill utmost
employee discipline. However, without the "right" human capital
factors, the right employees, the
organization barely moves, or it lurches
along. Reflect on this by looking at, the organization and its components (i.e.
the leader, the systems, and the employees) in the context of a car and all its
component parts. Could you drive a car (the organization) with just a steering
wheel and the drive train (the leader)? Like cars, organizations need all
components working together for full functionality. Tires, seats, windshield,
wipers, and other supporting components (systems) are important features of a
fully working car. But, the car doesn't run without the engine, the battery,
and gasoline (employee discipline). These components give the car its power.
The present democratic government is poised to wage
"WAR" against corruption and other forms of acts of indiscipline in
the Nigeria Public Sector. Can this nation win this war without a carefully
planned strategy for fighting the war? The answer to this question is a
resounding "NO". Thus, there is the need for planning how to fight
that war.
The authors' interest in the study of the nature and
management of unethical conducts or acts of indiscipline was spurred by the
findings in the preliminary analysis of earlier work done by one of the
authors. In the said work by Ogundele (2007) it
was found that acts of indiscipline in various forms were the second most
important problem, confronting and inhibiting the productivity of the
indigenous entrepreneurs/public sector management.
The multi-dimensional problems of indiscipline (immoral
or unethical behaviour) in Nigeria today. Nigeria Public Sector is now deeply
infected by the deadly disease called indiscipline (immoral or unethical
conduct). All Nigeria's institutions
including, political, social and economic institutions" manifest this
symptoms of indiscipline.
Several concerned writers had expressed one view or the
other against the general lack of
discipline in the Nigeria Public Sector and its impacts on productivity. Osahon
(2005) examined the multi-dimensional
aspects of indiscipline in the Nigeria public sector,
Oji (1982) described it in the context of the need for discipline
revolution in the Nigeria public sector. Nwankwo (2007), Bolaji (2005) stressed
the needs for, economic and political nationalism, moral leadership and
requirement of education for new leadership in the Nigeria public sector
respectively.
Nzeribe's (2003) focus
was ethnic and economic origin of Nigeria discipline problems. Ayagi (1990)
blamed the economic and social problems of Nigeria on leadership indiscipline.
Arene (2006) presented the personality models as means of solving the complex social,
economic and political problems of Nigeria; Ekpo-Ufot (2004) found that several acts of indiscipline were the major
factors that inhibited organizational and national goals attainment. These were
confirmed by Oseni (1993) Ogundele (1999) findings. Oseni (2001) carried out a study of high level
forms of corruption in the Nigeria Breweries Plc which was and still is a
product of the larger society. Ogundele (2000)
found that acts of indiscipline, (unethical behaviour), including
bribery, robbery, fraudulent practices and corruption were the second most
important inhibitors, of the productivity of two groups of public sector in
Nigeria.
Therefore, unethical behaviours have negative effects on
productivity of business organization in Nigeria. The same can be said for
other Africans countries and business.
In Nigeria and other black African countries
the situation are serious based on the nation's inability to identify and
thread the appropriate philosophical and developmental paths much less on
ethical values (Aina, 1992). In
contemporary African countries, the fashion is to get rich quick through
fraudulent means rather than by hard work.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
It is no more news that the very essence of establishing
the Public Sector is to provide valuable services to members of the public and
these agents are known as the public servants, these public servants who are supposed
to uphold the laws are found violating the laws. Invariably, the gab or
relationship between employee discipline and productivity in the public sector
is increasingly uneven.
The inability on the part of employee in the public
sector to adhered to stated rules and regulation may be considered as the root
or generalized causes of indiscipline in organizations which is inimical to
effective productivity be it public or private
organizations. Moreso, these problems emanating from indiscipline could be linked
to poor applications of concept of time and large scale bribery, corruption,
falsification of records; failure to keep records, drunkenness, dishonesty;
willful act or omission or general misconduct to the scandal of the public;
absence from duty without leave; disobedience or lawful order, such as refusal
to proceed on transfer or to accept position; negligence; suppression of
records; false claims against Government among others.
It is also adduced that various reasons that resulted to
the causes of unethical behaviour
especially in the Nigeria Breweries Plc in line with productivity is poor
leadership. Among other factors that produced corruption' in the Nigeria Public
Sector: These include, several political factors, patronage and societal
pressures, lack of transparency and proper enforcement of rules on regulation
and government intervention in several spheres of public life and the expansion
of the public sector attributes the cause of corruption in the public sector to
the crisis of leadership, which is exhibited in lack of discipline on the part
of political elites, lack of meaningful participation in the policy making
process, poverty, underdevelopment and bureaucratic inefficiency.
In addition, other attributed causes of indiscipline in
the public sector is value orientation in the society, underdevelopment, lack
of sanctions against identified unethical individuals, ethnicity, and the
psychological mechanisms of individual members that forces them to strive
relentlessly for material success. The various problems discussed above are the
commonly identified discipline challenges in the public sector particularly in
the Nigeria Breweries Plc, which serve as where the research is to be carried
out in the course of the study.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objective of this study is to examine the nexus
between employee discipline and productivity in the public sector, other
specific objectives include:
(i) To investigate the inability on the part of employee in
the public sector to adhere to the conduct of transparency, accountability and
proper enforcement of rules and regulation militate against effective productivity.
(ii) To evaluate how the weak sanction against identified
unethical individuals and indiscipline on the part of political elites, result
to lack of meaningful participation in the policy making process in the public
sector .
(iii) To determine how employee indiscipline
arising from falsification of records, absence from duty without leave, refusal
to proceed on transfer and the decline on productivity in the Nigeria
Breweries.
(iv) To provide useful
recommendations that will help to resolve the existing problems of employee
discipline, and the productivity in the Nigeria Breweries Plc.
1.4 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Attempts are made to provide answers to the following
research questions:
(i) Is there, any nexus between employee discipline and productivity in the
public sector? .
(ii) Does
the inability on the part of employee in the public sector to adhere to the conduct
of transparency, accountability and proper enforcement of rules and regulations
militate against effective productivity?
(iii) How
does the weak sanction against identified unethical individuals and
indiscipline on the part of political elites result to lack of meaningful
participation in the policy, making process in the public sector?
(iv) Does
employee indiscipline arising from falsification of records, absence from duty
without leave, refusal to proceed on transfer responsible for the decline on
productivity in the Nigeria Breweries Plc?
1.5 STATEMENT
OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
Attempts are made to test the following hypotheses:
(i) There is a nexus between employee
discipline and productivity in the public sector.
(ii) The
inability on the part of employee in the public sector to adhere to the conduct
of transparency, accountability and proper enforcement of rules and regulations
-militate against effective productivity.
(iii) Weak sanction against identified
unethical individuals (elite) result to lack of meaningful participation on
policy making process in the public sector.
1.6 SCOPE AND
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study will attempt to determine the nexus, between
employees' discipline and productivity in the public sector, using Nigeria
Breweries Plc as a case study. The scope of the study will also cover the
top management staff, middle/supervisory management staff and junior staff in
the Nigeria Breweries Plc Head Quarter located in Ikeja, Lagos. The selection
of Nigeria Breweries Plc was necessitated as a result of time and financial
constraints, which serve as an impediment to the researcher in the course of
carrying out this study.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study cannot be over emphases as
toe following people are bound to benefit from the findings of this study.
This study is significant to the researcher in that it has expose the researcher to identify the
increasing need for discipline in the public sector with the view to advising
governments and stakeholders to guide against the negative consequences of indiscipline in the public sector arising
from poor leadership and lack of adherence of stipulated rules governing the
organization.
The study increases the knowledge of the researcher on
the implication of the deplorable level of productivity being rendered by the
public enterprises owing to lack of discipline.
The society at large including government, management of
organization, the reading public, other researchers, students, scholars and as
well as upcoming student in this field of study can always benefit from the
various recommendations enlisted which the researcher hope will receive
considerable attention by government and other stakeholders, so as to reduce
the ' alarming rate of public sector indiscipline which may be responsible for
the decline In productivity in the "Nigeria Breweries Plc.
1.8 DEFINTION OF TERMS
Discipline: Disciplined behaviour is a sine qua non for individuals,
small group, organization and national health and survival. Discipline in a broad sense means orderliness the
opposite of confusion.
Productivity: This can be defined as the evaluation of ethical conduct
that invariably facilitate the productivity and attainment of the growth and
development of the organization.
Indiscipline: This is the breaking down or deviations of rules and
regulations governing an organization. In order words indiscipline is also
referred to as inimical to the productivity and growth of a particular
organization.
Ethics: Ethics are set rules, values and standard that helps to
promote and direct the activities of group of employees' towards the attainment
set goals (productivity).
Unethical Behavior: Unethical behaviors are regarded as behaviors which
deviate the set standards and values for personal interest (gain), such as
sleeping while on duty, refusal to go on transfer, suppressing of public files,
bribery and corruption among others.
Rules and Regulations: These are clearly defined laws that regulate the
behaviors' of employees in a particular establishment, adherence to these laws
attracts compensation and deviance of the stipulated laws is punishable.
Management: This can be defined as the effective utilization of both
human and material resources to achieve specific objective in an organization.
Employees: This is the most important factor of production that
manages' and directs other means of productions such as land, building,
capital, raw materials among others.
Sanctions/Penalties: This refers to the punitive measures put in place by
organization management to regulate the activities or affairs of employees
towards behaving in a desired manner.
Incentives: These are motivational packages put in place by the
management to intrinsically and extrinsically induce employees to give in their
very best of effort towards executing their assigned task in order to promote
productivity.
1.9 ORGANIZATION OR PLAN OF THE STUDY
The research work will be divided into five chapters:
Chapter one is the introduction part, which covers the
background of the study, statement of the problem, the objectives of the study,
research hypotheses, and significance of the study, scope and limitations of
the study, definition of terms and organization of the study.
Chapter two contains the literature review and
theoretical framework. In this chapter the views relating to the study of early
writers on the topic are considered imperative.
Chapter
three contains the research methodology which covers the research method
(instrument) or approach, the population of the study, the sample and
technique; the method of data collection and the method for data analyses and
interpretation.
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