ABSTRACT
The study investigated the influence of smart phones and social networking
sites on the academic performance of secondary school students in Amwuwo-Odofin local government area of Lagos
State. The descriptive research design
was adopted for this study. Three (3)
public secondary schools were selected
from the list of Public Schools in Amuwo-Odofin Local Government Area of
Lagos State using the Simple Random Sampling Technique. Two hundred (200)
students were selected using stratified Random Sample Technique. The research
instrument used was a four point modified Rennis Likert Rating Scale
Questionnaire type. Five research questions were raised and five hypotheses
were formulated. Data analyses was done using the descriptive statistics of
frequency counts and percentages to answer research questions while the
hypotheses formulated were tested using chii-square and t-test - statistical
tool at 0.05 level of significance. All stated null hypotheses were rejected.
The ' study concluded that smart phones has significant influence on
student's academic performance, social networking sites has significant
influence on student's academic performance, there was significant difference
on the effect of smart phones and social networking sites on academic
performance. Also, there was significant difference between smart phones usage by
male students and female students. Based on the findings, recommendations were
made that there is the need for schools counsellor to access the existing use
of smart phones by students in classroom and find a way to stop the usage in
the classroom.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE
PAGES
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the
study
1.2 Statement of
the Problem
1.3 Purpose of the
Study
1.4 Research Question
1.5 Research Hypothesis
1.6 Significance of
the Study
1.7 Scope
of the Study
1.8 Operational
Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Concepts of smart phones
2.2 Background for Mobile Phones
2.3
Concepts of Social Networking Sites
2.4 Types of Social Networking Sites
2.5 Academic Performance
2.6 Appraisal
of the literature
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Area of Study
3.3 Population of the Study
3.4
Sample and Sampling Technique
3.5 Study Variable
3.6 Research Instrument
3.7 Pilot Study: Validity of the Instrument
3.8 Administration of the Instrument
3.9 Scoring the Instrument
3.10 Procedure for Data Collection
3.11 Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Presentation of Demographic Data of the
Students
4.3 Analysis of Research Questions
4.4 Test of Hypothesis
4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary of Findings
5.3
Conclusion
5.4 Recommendations
5.6 Suggestion for Further Studies
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
The world is a comprehensive cyber community that has
been connected by a network of wired and wireless devices through the World
Wide Web (WWW). Today most of us have secured a room in cyber space by having
email accounts, doing online transaction and through e-learning.
Social networking sites are the main application under
the umbrella of social media, which comes with the Web 2.0 era. Social media is
the fastest growing web application in the 21st century.
Technology
addiction problem has
been treated important, especially in the education field
of secondary schools, because adolescent is more vulnerable to the addiction.
However, smart phones addiction has become a more serious problem recently.
Smart phones are the new generation of mobile
phones; they have emerged over the last few years and already have conquered
the market. Smart phones with their mini keyboards are not just phones, but
have computer functions as email, calendar and address book and office programs
for reading and editing. The multimedia phone features such as camera, video,
sound recordings or podcasting is advanced and can compete with specialized
equipment.
With the growing
of gadgets embedded
in modern mobile phones (particularly 3G and 4G
phones) such as MP3,Internet and the decrease in the size and price of such
devices, mobile phones has become omnipresent. The mobile phone is an anytime
and anywhere tool, boosting the tendency to the things discretely as well as
openly. The fact is that with the use Of cell phones, people sometimes lose the
capacity to manage the boundaries between appropriate and inappropriate usage.
(Ling. 1997)
In this current technology, the use of social
networking sites(such as Face book, twitter, WhatsApp, Skype, Instagram,
e.t,.c) has become a common place for this generation of college students
(Hanson, Drumheller, Mallard, Mckee & Schlegel,2011). Connecting to these
social networking sites has become easier and more convenient with the
increased popularity of wireless technology. This has contributed to an
increase of more than one billion people logging on to these sites daily. Young
adults, 18_29 years old, are the most active user of wireless technology,
81%are active users (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith & Zickuhr, 2010). The demand
for social networking sites among college students is significant.92% of all
under graduates students are members of social media (Junco & Cotton,
2012). As college students are increasingly adopting social media, it is
important for faculty and administrators in higher education institutions to
understand how this is influencing student's academic performance.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The invention of technology such as mobile phones has no
doubt brought about immense positive progress to human societies, but this
invention equally brought about in its wake some observed attitudinal problems
among secondary schools students. However, this is not to say that these
problems are solely caused by the usage of these phones as there are other
causes, but that the attitudes of the users and the modes of the usage are
significantly the contributing factors especially in the 21st
century. Scholars have identified the problems associated with the phone usage
and time (Junco, Merco and Salter, 2010_Wei and Lo, 2006), the attachment to
phones (Gaser, 2006), in the face of this, therefore, there is the need to
establish the link between these observations and academic performance. In
analyzing the problem of these internet phones, and in order to synchronize and
have a clearer understanding of the problem as it is related- to this study, it
must be borne in mind that other varying platforms of distractions towards the
academic performance of the secondary school students are also implicated, such
as the computer usages, which generate internet social networking sites, and
the visual display devices for relaxation such as televisions.
In addition to this, there is high tendency
of students to interact with their phone in the class in the course of
lectures, either to respond to received messages, or to browse the internet.
These, no doubt, take a heavy toll on the level of concentration devoted to the
lectures. Even while outside the classroom environment, most students who use
internet enabled phones devotes much time interacting with their phones by
chatting on Twitter 2go, Facebook, Instant messages (Bbm, Yahoo messenger).
Consequently, the time that ought to have been devoted to study and other
useful academic endeavours are thus frittered away.
In the light of this problem and in locating the root
cause of the problems posed by the relationship between the students use of
internet phones on their academic performance, it is pertinent and imperative
to carry out a study of this kind,
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The general purpose of the study is to determine the influence
of smart phones and social networking sites on the academic performance of
secondary schools students and they are stated below
i.
To
determine the influence of smart phones on academic performance of school
students.
ii.
To
ascertain the influence of social networks on the academic performance of
students.
iii.
To
determine the influence of social networks
on student study habit.
iv.
To
ascertain the influence of smart phones on students level of concentration in
class.
v.
To determine the influence of
social networks on students access to learning materials.
1.4 Research Question
i.
To what extent does smart
phones influence academic performance
of students?
ii.
To what extent does social networks influence
students' academic performance?
iii.
To what degree does social
networks influence study habits?
iv.
To' what extent does smart
phones influence students' level of concentration in class?
v.
To what
extent does social
networks influence students' access to learning materials?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following null hypothesis were tested
in the study"
i.
There is no significant
influence between smartphones and students academic performance.
ii.
There is
no significant influence between social networks and academic performance of
students.
iii.
There is
no significant influence between social networks and study habits of students.
iv.
There is
no significant influence between smart phones and concentration level of
students in class.
v.
There is
no significant influence between social networks and students' access to
learning materials.
1.6 Significance of the Study
As said earlier, this study is about the influence of
smart phones usage and social networking sites on academic performance of
secondary school students. This study will be useful to students, parents,
teachers, school administrator and school counselor. The students as the
receiver of knowledge in the school will understand the ways by which usage of
smart phones can affect their learning performance.
Teachers in schools will find these work
useful as it will provide the rationale for ensuring that students are been
told how and when to use smart phones and the ways they can benefit from social
sites.
The school administrator will see this work as one that
can be relied on and as such come up with rules that can put the commendation
of this study into action.
The counselor as a professional will apply knowledge gain
from this work by putting students through the use of smart phones and social
networking sites, thereby assisting them to perform well in their studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The scope of this study will be limited to Senior
Secondary Schools in Educational Districts (iv) of Mainland Local Government
Area of Lagos State. It is worthy to note that smart phones and social
networking sites will be treated as two separate variables affecting academic
performance.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
i.
Smart
Phone: any mobile communication device capable of accessing the Internet.
ii.
Social
networking sites or Social media: a group of Internet-based applications that
build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0and that
allows the creation and exchange of user generated context (Kaplan & Haenlein,
2010).
iii.
BYOD
(Bring Your Own Device): trend
of using iPads, iPhones, Andriod phones, and sometimes even their own laptops,
and expecting to use this to gain access to corporate educational data(Miller,
2012).
iv.
Mobile
Learning: use of mobile or
wireless devices for the purpose of learning while on the move or learning that
takes advantage of mobile technologies.
v.
Student:
a person who studies at a school, college or
university.
vi.
Internet:
is a collection of computers and computer
networks located all over the world, all of which share information by agreed
upon protocols.
vii.
Social
Networking Site: this is
an online site that focuses on facilitating the building of social -networks or
social relations among people who share activities, interests, background thus
allowing them share ideas, events among themselves.
viii.
Academic
Performance: refers
-to how students deal with their studies and how they cope with or accomplish
different tasks given to them by their teachers.
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