ABSTRACT
This research work was designed
to examine at the impact of production planning and control in manufacturing
company as a primary function of production management. Consequently, it
integrates the planning and control activities with other managerial activities.
The project views the production planning and control in the context of the
business operation and consistently relates this function of management to
relevant activities in production marketing and finance departments. It urges
that in most business operations to day lack of planning in unit, section,
department or organisation as a whole leads to over production or under
production and some time complete failure of the business organisation
especially in the production planning and control department. Planning in the
organisation hierarchy, size and product. The project stresses the immense
value attached to production planning and control as well as its application of
systematic planning techniques, on the of overall production operations management.
The study is also brings to light the importance of production planning and
control and the role of forecasting in production management
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page - - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration - - - - - - - - - ii
Approval - - - - -- - - - - - iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - v
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - vii
Table of contents - - - - - - - - viii
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Background
Setting of the Study - - - - 3
1.2 Statement of the Problems - - - - - 5
1.3 Objectives of the Study - - - - - - 6
1.4 Hypothesis - - - - - - - - 7
1.5 Scope of the study - - - -- - - - 8
1.6 Significance of the study - - - - - - 9
1.7 Definition of Key Terms - - - - - - 10
CHAPTER TWO Literature Review
2.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 12
2.1 The Meaning of Production - - - - - 12
2.2 Production Planning - - - - - - 14
2.3 Production Design - - - - - - - 15
2.4 Short-Term Production
Planning - - - - 20
2.5 Production Control - - - - - - - 21
2.6 Planning and Control - - - - - - 23
2.7 Relationship Between
Planning and Control - - 28
2.8 Continuous
Versus Intermittent Systems - - - 29
2.9 Production
Design and Process Planning - - 30
2.10 Basic
Alternative and Process Selection - - - 32
CHAPTER THREE:
Research Methodology
3.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 36
3.1 Research Methodology - - - - - - 37
3.2 Area of
Study - - - - - - - - 38
3.3 Research
Population - - - - - - - 39
3.4 Sample
and Sampling Techniques - - - - 39
3.5 Instrument
of Data Collection - - - - - 40
3.6 Validation
of the Instruments - - - - - 42
3.7 Method of
Data Collection - - - - - - 43
3.8 Data
Analysis - - - - - - - - 44
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Presentation and Analysis of Data - - - - - 46
4.1 Testing
Hypothesis - - - - - - - 62
CHAPTER FIVE:
5.0 Summary,
Conclusion and Recommendations - - 65
5.1 Summary
of Findings- - - - - - - 65
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - 66
5.3 Recommendation s - - - - - - - 67
Bibliography - - - - - - - - 69
Appendix - - - - - - - - - 70
CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Production planning and control are term that though
commonly used have witness a lot of changes both in meaning and scope in the
past few years. For example based on the
extended view of production to include the provision of all sort of service
production both as a discipline of study and as a profession can now be
practiced in all king of organization.
As in other fields of management planning and
control from the primary function of production management. It is for this reason that the research has
decided to take a critical look at production planning and control as practiced
in beverage industrial sector of the Nigeria economy.
This is informed by the variety of major product and
beverage produced in the industry as exemplified by the Nigerian Bottling
Company (NBC) Kaduna. Production can be
regarded as the centre focus of any manufacturing concern. It is the stage where the real action takes
place that is the transformation of raw materials (inputs) into finished
products (outputs). The planning and
control operations are necessary because in every manufacturing unit there are
people, machine and material. There is
the need to plan all expensive resources required for production in order to
make effective use of them and maximize profit making for the organizations
Modern production is complex hence both
technologically related operation and administrative activities must therefore
be planned carefully to make account of all the possible restriction
constraints and advantages. In planning
to meet orders at less cost is the objects of production planning.
Production planning involves not only types of
operation to be used but the order of these operation as well as a time of
duration the operation should take and how the plan should be laid out.
This maiden chapter consider the background setting
of the study. It defines the problem and
objectives of the study. The hypothesis
are formulated and the scope and limitation of the study defined. The chapter end with the significance of the
study stated and key term defined.
1.1 BACKGROUND
SETTING OF THE STUDY
Coca-cola is the world leading manufacturer of soft
drinks sold in more than 145 countries.
A total of 250 million bottles are consumed every day in all parts of
the globe from Canada in the north to Argentina and new zeal end in the South
from Alaska to china from Mexico to Nigeria.
Coca-cola first came to Nigeria in 1953 when Nigeria Bottling Company
set up the first plant in Lagos A.J. Leventist brought Coca-cola to Nigeria and
he is the owner of Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC). The first plant was built in Apapa, Lagos
while Coco-cola Company was established in Kaduna in the year 1976 when
bottling commenced. It was to the
beginning of an exciting story of growth and development particularly during
the last 10 years of the 20th century.
Nigerian Bottling of soft drink selling more than 6
million bottles per day this figure which is still growing with the continuing
expansion of the existing 12 plants and the opening of brand new plant in
various parts of the federation. Fanta
by far the number one best seller in the orange segment and sprite is the most
widely sold lemon lime drink in Nigeria other products bottled by NBC include
Fanta ginger Ale, Fanta tonic, Fanta soda club soda and crest bitter lemon.
The success of Coca-cola has brought with it the
development of a number of sister industries all contributing to the growth of
the Nigerian economy the Delta Glass Company Ughelli which supplies million
required to keep a large bottling company in operation and the crown product
factory in ijebu-ode and Kano which manufacture the metal crown to seal the
bottle.
The Benin plastic company which make the plastic
crates for carrying the bottles in addition, the trucks which are familiar in
many parts of the country delivering soft-drinks to more than sixty thousand
dealers are sold assembled in Nigeria.
Nigerian Bottling Company is also the largest manufacturer of Co2
in the country used for carbonating your favourite soft drinks, Nigeria
Bottling is all fields of operation.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEMS
The success of our present day industries depend on
how to manage our resources and to enhance growth and development for the
better industrialization. Therefore,
this research work is concerned with identifying and proffering remedies to the
problems of production planning and control in the manufacturing company. To this end, the following question occupy
our mind as problem before the research.
What role does the choice of production planning and control play in the
beverage industry.
Also the researchers want to know the reason why
planning and control is very important and useful in every manufacturing
company.
Lastly, the researchers want to analyze the level of
development through the impact of production planning and control by means of
planning and control. Based on the
above, there are need to rectify the problem of lack of planning and control
and the general weak attitude towards planning and control (organization
especially the beverage activities.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
What is the
impact of production and control to operational cost in manufacturing sector?
2.
What are the
problems that are likely to occur if production planning and control is not
taken into consideration at the nearly stage of production process.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to full of the
basic requirement for the award of a Higher Diploma certificate in production
and operations management studies Kaduna Polytechnic Kaduna.
Secondly, the study aims to examine the theory and
practice of production planning and control in manufacturing company that deals
with the production beverage.
Furthermore, the study is aimed at examining the
effectiveness of the application of production planning and control techniques
and its impact or otherwise for growth of the company, more specially the
research shell dwell on the relevance of production planning and control to the
operational cost and expenses in organization.
Conclusively, efforts shall be made to give recommendation necessary.
1.4 HYPOTHESIS
This research work is specially designed to test the
following hypothesis.
Ho – effective production planning and control does
not significantly reduce operational cost in manufacturing company.
Hi – effective production planning and control
significantly reduces operational cost in manufacturing company (NBC) Kaduna.
1.5 SCOPE AND
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This research covers the historical life cycle of
coca-cola from the year 1953 to 2003 specially the study concentrates on the
Kaduna plant. Its area of interest is
the manufacturing or industrial sector of Nigeria economy in the field of
management studies the research examines the concept of production planning and
control as it affects operation cost.
The research used NBC coca-cola as its case study. The main problem of any kind of research work
is the financial constraint that is one of the major thing that affect the
quality of the research work, this is due to the escalating price of stationeries
and transportation cost of data acquisition.
Limitation is likely difficulties that may impair
the quality of research work. One
limitation to good quality of the research work is uncooperative attitude to
some management personnel in granting access to relevant information and documents
that is vital to the research.
Time factor:
– this is essential for the success of any research work. The need for thoroughness and accuracy
demands a considerable length of time.
But the available time is short and the researcher has to attend lectures
as well as other assignments. Despite
this, the research will meet the demand of users.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This is trying to highlights more on the aims and
objectives why the study is being carried out.
First to know the basis of the study and to look at the issue of
production planning and control that has being taking place at (NBC) to know
each individual process that make it possible.
One bottle of soft drink what it takes from the beginning to the end to
step and details of the whole process.
Hence, the research is relevant to the workers of
NBC student of the production management and transformation in its fields of
production and operations management.
1.7 DEFINITION
OF KEY TERMS
NBC - Nigeria
Bottling Company
CBM - Condition Base Maintenance
EXIM - Excellence in Maintenance
QAD - Quality Assurance Department
SLP - Safety and Loss Prevention
PRODUCTION SCHEDULE
This master production comes next in the sequence of
sevents to produce products and services.
It is proceeded by demand forecast and a production plant.
BATCH
PRODUCTION
The batch production which is much like continuous
manufacture of the processing kind you find it in making or preparation of
foods, paper, glass, rubber and even steel.
PROCESS LAYOUT
Characterized by situation in which similar machines
and services are located together.
LINE LAYOUT
Are production in which the product moves down in a
line pass successive work station where
one operation after another is done.
INTERMITTENT PRODUCTION
This where physical facilities must be flexible
enough to handle a wide variety of product and size. The basic nature of activities imposes change
of the design.
INVENTORY
This is keeping track of stock of materials needed
for work at any given point in time i.e. use of operation of the business.
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