ABSTRACT
The
aim of this research work is to find out the effects of unemployment on Nigeria
economy. Generally, many researches have tried to work on this topic to see how
unemployment can be reduced if not eradicate unemployment from Nigeria economy. In the cause of this
study, questions where sent out and interview conducted with a case study of
Ifako-Ijaiye Local government. This work is divided into chapters, each dealing
with specific matter. In the last chapter, the summary, conclusion, and
recommendations were given which if implemented would reduce or eradicate
unemployment totally in the nation.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
1.4 Research
Questions
1.5 Statement
of Hypotheses
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Delimitation of the Study
1.8 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
2.2 The Concept of Unemployment
2.3 Youth’s
Unemployment in Nigeria
2.4 Causes of
Youth’s Unemployment
2.5 Youth’s
Unemployment, Crime and National Development in Nigeria
2.6 Theoretical
Framework
2.7 Theories of
Unemployment
2.8 Empirical
Literature
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction
3.2
Re-Statement
of Research Questions and Hypotheses
3.3
Research
Design
3.4
Characteristics
of the Study Population
3.5
Data
Collection Instruments and Administration
3.6
Procedure
for Processing Data
CHAPTER FOUR:
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1 Introduction
4.2
Demographic
Data
4.3
Analysis
and Discussion of Results
4.4
Decision
Rule
4.5
Testing
of Research Hypotheses
CHAPTER
FIVE: SAMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Discussion
of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study
Unemployment is generally
seen as a macro-economic problem as well as socio-economic problem
.Unemployment arises as a result of insufficient and non-availability of jobs
to correspond with the growing population, even those who are employed
sometimes live with the fear of being unemployed due to job insecurity and
retrenchment of workers. There is employment of factors of production if they
are engaged in production. The term unemployment could be used in relation to
any of the factors of production which is idle and not being utilized properly
for production. However, with reference to labour, there is unemployment if it
is not possible to find jobs for all those who are eligible and able to work.
Labour is said to be underemployed if it is working below capacity or not fully
utilized in production (R.A.I Anyawuocha 1993)
Unemployment can either be
voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary in the sense that one chooses not to work
because he or she has means of support other than employment. Example is an
idle rich man. On the other hand, involuntary unemployment exist when persons
who are eligible and willing to work at the prevailing rate of pay are unable
to find work. (Anyanwa 1995).
According to the central bank
of Nigeria (2004), unemployment rose to 30% during 2004 statistics on
unemployment rate. Unemployment has been seen as a world-wide economic problem
and has been categorized as one of the serious impediments to social progress. Apart
from representing a huge waste of a country’s manpower resources, it generates
welfare loss in terms of lower output thereby leading to lower income and
wellbeing of the people (Akinboyo, 1987, and Raheem 1993). Unemployment is a
very serious issue in Africa (Vandemortele, 1991, and Rama 1998), and
particularly in Nigeria (Oladeyi, 1994 and Umo, 1996). The need to avert the negative
effect of unemployment has made the tackling of unemployment problems to
feature very prominently in the development objectives of many developing
countries.
In the study of unemployment in
Africa Okonkwo (2005) identified three (3) cause of unemployment, the
educational system, the choice of technology which can either be labour
intensive or capital intensive and inadequate attention to agriculture. The use
of machines to replace work done by labour and computerization has contributed
to these social problems in the sense that what for example forty (40) men can
do manually a machine will only need like five (5) men. Therefore, the
remaining thirty five (35) are unemployed. More so, lack of enough education
and skill to have access to credit and capital.
One particular feature of unemployment
in Nigeria is that it was more endemic in the early 1980‟s than any other
period. According to Udabah (1999:62), the major factor contributing to low
standard of living in underdeveloped countries in their relative inadequate or
inefficient utilization of labour in comparism with advanced nations.
Unemployment rate is measured by the proportion of the labour force that is
unemployed divided by the total number of the labour force. The total labour
force was projected at 61,249,485 in 2007 indicating an increase of 3.9%. Total
employment in 2007 stood at 52,326,923 compared with 50,886,836 in 2006. This
represents an annual increase of 2.8%. The labour force consists of the number
of people ageing 18 and over who are employed (that is, those who currently
have jobs) and unemployed (those who do not have jobs but who are actively
looking for work).Individuals who do not fall into either of these group such
as retired people and discouraged workers are not included in the calculation
of the labour force.
The international labour
force organization (ILO) defines unemployment as the proportion of the labour
force which was available for but did not work for at least one hour in the
week preceding the survey period. National Bureau of statistics (N.B.S).
Nigeria defines unemployment as the proportion of the labour force that is
available for work but did not work for at least thirty nine (39) hours in the
week preceding survey period.
Unemployment according to
lipsey (1963:456) brings about economic waste and cause human suffering.
According to Fadayomi, 1992, Osinubi, 2006, unemployment is as a result of the
inability to develop and utilize the nations manpower resources effectively
especially in the rural sector.
The socio-economic effect of
unemployment includes: fall in national output, increase in rural-urban
migration, waste of human resources, high rate of dependency ratio, poverty,
depression, frustration, all sorts of immoral acts and criminal behaviour e.g
prostitution, armed robbery e.t.c. The social effect of unemployment brings to
light the need to proffer possible solution to salvage our nation Nigeria
1.2 Statement of
the Problem
Working with the data from
the national bureau of statistics, it indicates that the national unemployment
rate in the first quarter of 2007 was 14.6%, compared with 13.7% in 2006. The
urban and rural rates were 14.4% and 15.0% respectively compared with 10.2% and
14.8% in 2006. Further analysis showed that the distribution of unemployment
ranged from 14.1%vfor the age group of 25-44 to 23.5% for the age group of
65-70. Desegregation according to geopolitical zones showed a very uneven
distribution with the south-south zone having the highest unemployment rate of
29.5% and south-west at the rear with 8.5%. Between these extremes were the
north-east with 18.5%, south-east 18.1%, north central 15.8% and north-west 14.2%.
It is based on the increasing
problem posed by unemployment on individuals and the nation at large that
government has been embarking on various policies to control and reduce
unemployment but yet has not yielded any positive result, rather it seems to be
escalating. Drastic measures must be taken by government to curtail this
problem of unemployment. The statement of problem is based on the economic,
social and political effects of unemployment
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
The
economist are unanimous in their acceptance of the fact that the phenomenon of
human resources unemployment is a problem that deserves the attention of every
modern government.
In
this sub section, I will give the reasons why unemployment has effects on the
Nigeria economy. Unemployment has effects in the following ways;
i.
effects on national outputs and general
standard of living
ii.
effects on government
iii.
Effects of social implication
iv.
Implication for political office holders
1.4 Research
Questions
i. Does
unemployment has effects on the government of Nigeria?
ii. Is
there any effect on the National outputs and general standard of living of
Nigerian citizens?
iii.
Is there any social implications in the
lives of the populace?
iv.
Does unemployment has effect on the
political office holders in Nigeria?
v.
Does unemployment hinder the growth and
development of Nigeria economy?
1.5 Statement
of Hypotheses
In
the above questions, the hypotheses which will be suitably used in the course
of this study include;
Hypothesis I
Ho: Unemployment do not have any effect on the
government of Nigeria
H1: Unemployment has effect on the government
of Nigeria
Hypothesis II
Ho: Unemployment do not have effect in the
National Output and general standard of living of the citizen
H1: Unemployment have effect in the National
Output and general standard of living of the citizen
Hypothesis III
Ho: Unemployment do not have any social
implication in the life of the populace
H1: Unemployment has social implication in the
life of the populace
1.6 Significance
of the Study
The
benefits of this study lies on the government and the labour of Nigeria
economy.
The Government:
the government of Nigeria will attract (Foreign direct Investors) FDI which
will establish a transparent legal framework that does not discriminate between
local and foreign investors and effective implementation of tax incentives will
be generated from the citizens which we therefore increase the per capital
incme of the nation.
The Labour:
Anyone who wants a job, and his available for work currently has the best job
of his or her choice for which he or she is capable.
1.7 Delimitation of the Study
During
the course of this study, there was little, more or less delimitation on the
side of the questionnaire respondent of which not all the questionnaire was returned
and on the part of the audience who were interviewed, they find it difficult to
create time for the researchers.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Unemployment:
This is the non utilization of labour resources as a result of which the actual
output of the economy is below its potential G.N.P
Economy:
this refers to the relationship between production, trade and the supply of
money in a particular country or region.
Effects:
Changes that cause results
Labour:
is the human factor of production that is taken to mean the supply of human
efforts for the main sum of wages and salaries
Login To Comment