TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
1.3 RESEARCH
QUESTION
1.4 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.6 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATI RE
2.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
2.1.1 BUSINESS STUDIES IN THE JUNIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOL
2.1.2 OBJECTIVE
OF BUSINESS STUDY IN THE JUNIOR
SECONDARY SCHOOL
2.1.4 METHOD OF TEACHING BUSINESS STUDIES
2.1.5 CURRICULUM
OF BUSINESS STUDIES IN JUNIOR
SECONDARY SCHOOL
2.2 EMPIRICAL BACKGROUND
2.3 APPRAISAL OF LITERATURE
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 TARGET POPULATION
3.3 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
3.4 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
3.5 PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION
3.6 METHOD
OF DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 ANALYSIS
AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULT
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 RESULTS
OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
5.2 SUMMARY AND FINDINGS.
5.3 CONCLUSION
5.4 RECOMMENDATION
5.5 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The National
Policy on Education (1981) clearly emphasize that "Education assessment and evaluation will be liberalized by basing them in
whole or two part in continuous assessment of the progress of the individual"
The Nigeria
educational system have been gravely tied to the western education, especially
in the area of curriculum, as a result of which has dictated our method and
system of evaluating students achievement and performance.
The need for
a curriculum that will reflect the country's need and aspiration necessitated the new Policy on Education Issued in (1977).
Education has been recognized all over the world a sure means to the achievement of more rapid transportation in any society. As a matter of fact
the National Policy on Education in Nigeria attached great importance to the development
of science and technology as a means of last narrowing the yearning
technological differences now separating the developing nations of the world.
These objective can only be achieved through an effective science and social
management. Supporting this view many educationist like Fafunwa (2004) and
Ikejiani (2003) pointed out the obvious gap between the system output and the
manpower demand by the nation. According to Adaralegbe (2005) the high demand
rate has been observed to be based on the recognition by Nigeria that education, is the great for man's economic progress and for
his political survival
It was unanimously
expressed at the (1967) National Curriculum Conference held in Lagos that
the curriculum hitherto used in secondary school, system was inadequate
to meet up with a rapid technological changing world. Oyedeji (2005) define education as the aggregate of all the process
by which a child or young
adult develops the ability,
attitude and other forms of behaviour which are positive value
of the society in which he lives.
The secondary
level of the New National
Policy on Education has recently changed the fundamental structure of the secondary education, It has introduced new element into its curriculum for example there has been air introduction evaluation in that the instrument used by
appropriate for the purpose of vocational course a deliberate shift in emphasis from literary to science oriented education, a
method and introduction of
continuous assessment. As a result of this Yoloye (2002) and Bajah (2001)
reported that government has directed that continuous assessment should be used
at all level of education for the evaluation of students.
In
schools the teacher usually carries out assessment of learning for the basis of impression gained as observed by pupils at work at various kind of test given periodically.
Business
study in particular is one of the pre-vocational subjects in the junior
secondary school. It is offered as a unified or integrated subject
comprises of office practice, commerce,
book-keeping and account, shorthand and
typewriting in order to offer an opportunity for gainful employment even
without future studies alter' the Junior Secondary School Course. The
curriculum has been
designed by tile Fanner
Comparative Education Studies and
Adaptation Centre (CESAC) to
meet the requirement of the students in the new system. As it is been one of the key subject in school curriculum.
Business
study and inter
related are comprehensive in
nature. It is a skilled
course, which demand
practical and integrated teaching
techniques, its nature, the
course is vocational at
die (JSS) level, it is
view as pre- vocational to initiate students into business operation and the
community around them. This is why it is important for teacher to relate the
subject to what students already understand as business from home. In doing this, it gives student
the opportunity to
appreciate and become aware of
the economics and business system of their immediate environment and that of others
as well as this enable
them to understand the
interdependent between society and nations. This will help students cultivate a
good sense of development of business inter-relation to law sociology and
politics.
In
recognition of this the curriculum developer have tried to reflect the philosophy
and objectives of the business studies as follows:
1- To enable the student to acquire
the basic knowledge of business studies
2-
To provide orientation and skill with which to start a life work for
those who may not undergo further training.
3-
To relate the knowledge and skill to the national economy
4-
To develop the basic skill in office
occupation
5-
To prepare students for further
training in business studies.
6- To provide basic skills for
personal use in future.
Douglas et al (1998:34) summarized the
objectives of business
education as follows:
1. To prepare students to enter and
succeed in business education
2. To assist in developing
occupational.
3. To develop in a practical way and
understanding and appreciate way of the functioning our economic system.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A business
study is a novel subject in our school curriculum especially with the introduction of new method 6-3-3-4 system of educational system. As present the evaluation of student achievement in business studies in Ogun State is a combine effort of the class teacher and the
ministry of education, which set certificate examination test items.
This studies
attempted to access the effect of periodic testing on 'indent achievement m the Junior Secondary School level (JSS) business
studies.
v Most teacher do not evaluate their
student learning adequate or if they
do the evaluation instrument are the most appropriate as a result they
do not yield adequate and relevant information
v Teacher themselves and student can use
to improve instrument and
learning.
v The significant of periodic testing to
the student's achievement
v The contribution of periodic testing
towards judging the merit or
worth of a teacher experience.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION
The central
focus of this research is to examine the effect of periodic testing on
student's achievement in junior secondary school level. Attention is focused on
the following research question.
1. Will there
be a significant difference between the performances of the two groups in
business studies?
2. Will the
teaching method of the teacher affect the performance of the students in
business studies?
3. Will the
sex of the students affect their performance in business
studies?
4. Will there
be a significant impact between the use of instrumental
materials and the student performance in business studies?
5. Will the
socio-economic background of the parent affect the students in business
studies?
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The
purpose of this study is to access the effect of the periodic testing on
students achievement in junior secondary school business studies.
The
study is to find out to what extent are the students performing. It will
discuss about the failure of students in vocational subject and to testing periodic
evaluation is a factor that can improve student performance and what could be
done to improve students performance.
With the
introduction of continuous assessment in most school in
Ogun State, there is need to build up a battery of test item in every subject. The
research therefore is an attempt to meet the challenge posed by continuous
assessment and thereby make a contribution to the bank of test item that may be
needed to access student achievement in business studies
1. The effect
of periodic testing on students achievement, whose item are of technical faults
and demand high cognitive behaviour
2. To
contribute to the effect of building of test-item bank that will be
used in the process of continuous assessment.
3. To enable
the teacher to know about performance of the students at one level and another
for improvement purposes. Through the
introduction of evaluation effectiveness on methods and material
applied in teaching be well known, which help the teacher effectively.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This
study only focused on junior secondary school (JSS) in Ijebu Ode North East Local Government Urban and Rural area.
The
test item are based on three units namely office practice, commerce, book-keeping and account of the business studies syllabus junior secondary
school II (JSS). Typewriting and shorthand topics could not covered because
most school in the state do not offer them because of high financial
requirement to procure equipment. Business studies is considered a knowledge
that is indispensable to the educate d man. The subject is concerned with
individual in the society, hence it is not surprising that many students offer it
in school it entails the day to day activities of buying and selling, producer
and consumer, payee or receiver, buyer and sellers, female and male, young or
old and all concerned with business studies. The main objective of this
curriculum is to present business studies as a subject that has relevant to
every day life. Thus, attempt has been made to integrate the theoretical
foundation of the subject with its practical application.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
ACHIEVEMENT TEST: It is a test used to measure in assess of determining
the end product of learning or what a person has learn to do
PERIODIC TEST: This test is designed to permit a series of intermittent
probes to be taken over a course or a given period of time
ASSESSMENT: It is conscious procedure and process employed in obtaining
and interpreting information about the knowledge ability, performance, interest
and attitudes, of a person so as to make decision about the individuals.
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT: It refers to process of investigating the status of an
individual or group, usually with reference to expected outcomes.
6-3-3-4 SYSTEM OF EDUCATION: This implies six years of direction at primary level, 3
years junior secondary school while another 3 years in senior secondary school
and another 4 years at high school of learning. This system was introduces by
National Policy 011 Education.
JUNIOR
SECONDARY SCHOOL
(JSS): In the first tiers of the six years secondary school system
TEST: A series of exercises or question designed to measure a
students skill intelligence, achievement, aptitude, ability, and knowledge.
UNIT: A unit could be a topic a chapter in a book or a
well-stated content portion of a course, office practice, commerce and
bookkeeping and account are unit of business studies
EVALUATION: It is the process of obtaining and providing useful information
for judging decision or alternative
TRIAL
TEST: This is the method of using the
marking scheme to mark some sampled script or test administered for the purpose
of item analysis before the final form is considered.
FINAL TEST: A modified version of the trial test,
which is to be administered.
SUB-TEST: A portion of the whole test containing items, which is
to be testing one particular aspect of learning.
POST
TEST: It is the modified version of the
pre-test, which is to be administered.
PRE-TEST: This is a test administered for the purpose of item
analysis before the final is considered. Also to familiar with previous
knowledge of the students.
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