ABSTRACT
This study focused on the
strategies for community sports development in Yaba,Somolu, and Surulere local
government areas. The sample used for the study was two hundred (200)
participants from community teams in Yaba, Somolu and Surulere local government
areas in Lagos state. The simple random technique was used for the selection of
the participants used for the study. A survey research method was adopted with
a Likert Rating scale questionnaire type designed in the four point mode was
used as instrument for the study. The content and construct validity was also
established. The data collected were analyzed through the use of frequency
count and percentages for demographic variables. Also, the hypotheses were
tested using the inferential statistics of chi- square (X2) Statistics at 0.05
level 0f significance. The four postulated hypotheses were rejected. The
findings of the study revealed that facilities, funds, organized competition
and administration would have effect on community sports development in Yaba,
Somolu and Surulere. Based on this findings, it was recommended among other
things that government should subsidize sports equipment of all type and made
affordable to users at the community level.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
page i
Certification
ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
Table
of contents vii
CHAPTER ONE
Background
to the study 1
Statement
of the problem 5
Purpose
of the study 5
Contribution
to knowledge 6
Research
questions 7
Hypothesis 7
Significance
of the study 8
Delimitation 8
Limitation
of the study 9
Definition
of key terms 9
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Concept
of sports 11
Values
of sports 16
Sportsmanship 17
Peer
group influence on sports participation 18
Parental
influence and sports participation 18
Students'
religion influence and sports participation 20
Certain
cultural beliefs and sports participation 21
Self
esteem and sports participation 24
Meaning
of administration in sports context 25
Concept
of community sports in Nigeria 32
Planning 37
Principles
and guidelines for administrative organisation 43
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research
method 56
Population
for the Study 56
Sample
and sampling technique 57
Research
Instrument 57
Validity
and reliability of research instrument 57
Procedure
for data collection 58
Procedure
for data analysis 58
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Data
presentation 59
Analysis
of data and testing of hypotheses 62
Discussion
of Findings 66
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary 70
Conclusion 71
Recommendation 71
REFERENCES 73
QUESTIONNAIRE 79
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
Sports are human
activities that are universally found in every known culture and phenomenon
unique to modern society. Men and women have always run, jumped, climbed,
lifted, thrown and wrestled, but they have not always performed these physical
activities competitively as we have this modern times. Although all literate
societies, before now, seem to have contests of one sort or another in which
men and sometimes women, compete in displays and tests physical skill and
prowess, but they were performed for their own sake and not for some ulterior
and as we have these days benefits( Encyclopaedia Britannica).
Sport therefore is
conceived as any human activities that involve specific administrative
organization and a historical background of rules and regulations which define
the objective and limit the pattern of human behaviour. It involves competition
and a definite outcome primarily determined by physical skills.
Ajala (1990),
described sports as such activities that grants amusement, whether competitive
or recreational. Such activities include hunting, fishing, footballing,
mountaineering and a host of others.
Sport has attained
a vital position in the hearts of many people and that is why sport needs
scientific management and adequate formulation of policies that improve sports
facility development, participation and competitive performance. Sports as an
institution help to maintain a healthy life in the people. It contributes to
physical development of participants. Sports promote the social abilities and
qualities in people. Sports at any level of participation, promotes good character
training and sharpens ones mental alertness.
Based on these
contributory factors of sports to participants, it is imperative that sports
should be embraced at all levels. Sports should be organized and administered
at the national, state, local government and institutional levels; this in
essence will ensure development of facilities, provision of equipment and
improve sports development in the country.
There existed
various divergent views as regards community sports. According to Anugweye
(2005), he opined that there is nothing like community sports in the villages.
He said that community sport implies sports in primary schools. He reiterated
development of sports could only be remedied if sports is and can only be
incorporated into the school curriculum where a four year old can take part. In
many countries of the world, sports is an integral part of education and
university sports is the highest level; Americans dominated the sprints in
athletics due to the down to earth concentration of collegiate track and field
program. Our community sport is left unsupervised and this in essence affects
our progressive development in sports due to negligence of community sports.
It has been
observed that community sports suffered from proper training, shortage of equipment
and non-existence of facilities. There is no government machinery that provides
leadership assistance or advice for community development as National
Federations in various elite programs for professional sports in the country.
The sponsors would rather support elite programs, celebrate heroes and
heroines, and the media find community programs and activities totally un-news
worthy. How can people acquire essential human values if they are not allowed,
involved and are not participating in the activity. The neglect has caused the
nation some setback in getting replacement for old and tired athletes who
paraded themselves for many years in sports competition arena.
The developed
world considers sports an important factor in education. Education today
acknowledged the importance of sports and physical education as a tool for
social, civic education and development. It is highly recognized that sports is
an important medium for national and ethnic integration.
Since the demand
for sports participation is becoming higher every day, the need to face the
problems of space, facilities, technical personnel, motivated and committed
leadership is highly needed for community sports to grow tremendously and
bridge the gap that exists in the country’s sports development.
For some years
now, Nigeria as a country has not been doing well in international competitions
such as world cup, Olympics, common wealth games, world universities games and
other international meets. Although it is noticeable that game such as Table
tennis, football are consistently played in the nooks and corners of the
country. The need for sports ministry to move in administer sports from the
community level which involves the primary, secondary and tertiary institutions
where budding talents can be found and trained to stardom is highly essential.
The regular inter-house sports competition are no longer directional towards
record breaking rather it is used for money making venture at the community
level which undermines its objective of developing and scouting for young
athletes
Therefore the
focus of this research is to investigate the extent to which community sports
affects sports development in Lagos.
Lagos is the most
populous city in Nigeria, the second fastest growing city in Africa, with a
population of 4 million making Lagos the largest city in Africa.
Even with all the
population, Lagos state still does not represent us well at both the national
and state levels in competition like University Game, Premier League Nigeria,
National Sports Festival and other meets. There is need for the Lagos State
Sport Council to improve on community level sports by supporting the existing
structures such as clubs and schools, in order to get more young people
participating in sport and attract and retain more volunteers, especially
coaches.
Other areas of
focus such be facility provision, development, pay-for-play and casual
participation options will become priorities at a later stage.
STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The problem of
sports in Lagos is multifaceted, one of these is inability to get replacement
for aging athletes in all sports. Community sports development has not been
given adequate attention in terms of organized technical personnel in various
sports to develop basic fundamental techniques of the game. Facility
construction and procurement of equipment and supplies in various sports that
are suitable to various community environments and non-existing. If political
activities emanate from the communities, sports as a social institution needs
adequate attention it deserves from the communities. Therefore the focus of
this study is to determine the administration of community sports as it affects
sports development in Lagos.
PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The main purpose
of this study is to determine the extent to which administration of community
sports affects sports development in selected local government areas in Lagos
state.
Other purposes are
listed as follows;
(i)
To ascertain the effects
of facilities, equipment and supplies on community development
(ii)
To ascertain the
influence of adequate technical expertise in community sports via sports
development
(iii)
To ascertain the effects
of financial support on community sports development
(iv)
To ascertain the effects
of organized competition on the community sports development.
CONTRIBUTION
TO KNOWLEDGE
The finding in
this research study will enhance community sports programmes and place a focus
of detecting young talents from it.
The research
findings reiterated the issue of formations of sports academies at the community
where young sports boys and girls can be detected early enough for nurturing.
It observed the issue of technical personnel in the scheme of sports growth and
development emphasis should be placed on this issue.
Decision making
process involve community officials in order to move sports forward at the
community level. The research identified community sports as the bedrock of our
sports development. The findings sort out factors that are to enhance community
sports development and create an avenue for career in sport at early age.
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The
study provided answers to the following research questions;
i)
Will non-availability of
Facilities, equipment and supplies in community sports affect sports development
in Yaba Shomolu and Surulere Local Government Areas?
ii)
Will non-availability of
technical personal in community development in Yaba Shomolu and Surulere Local
Government Areas?
iii)
Will non-availability of
financial support in community sports development in some selected local
government areas of Lagos state in Yaba Shomolu and Surulere Local Government
Areas?
iv)
Will organized
competition in community sports affects sports development in Yaba Shomolu and
Surulere Local Government Areas?
v)
Will administration of community
sports affect sports development in Yaba Shomolu and Surulere Local Government
Areas?
HYPOTHESES
The
following stated hypothesis were tested in this study;
i)
Facilities, equipment and
supplies will not affect community sport development in selected local
government areas in Lagos State.
ii)
Sport personnel will not
affect community sport development in selected local government areas in Lagos
State.
iii)
Financial support will
not affect community sport development in selected local government areas in
Lagos State.
iv)
Organized competitions
will not affect community sport development in selected local government areas
in Lagos State.
v)
There will be no
significant effect of administration of community sports on sports development
in some selected local government areas of Lagos state
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
i)
The finding of this study is of great benefit
to the field of administration and management.
ii)
The result of this study
is of significant importance to the ministry of youth and sports in the
development of sports at the community level.
iii)
It further enhances the
resuscitation of sports in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions.
iv)
The result of this study
further enlist major problems that affect coordination of sports at the
community level.
v)
The national and state
associations stands a better chance to enhance sports development at the local
government level in order to discover new talents in various fields of sports.
DELIMITATION OF STUDY
i)
This study was delimited
to community athletes and football associations.
ii)
Three local governments.
Yaba, Somolu and Surulere local government areas of Lagos state.
iii)
This study was further
delimited to school administrator, coaches, team managers, sports officers in
primary and secondary schools both in junior and senior categories.
Furthermore,
the variables investigated includes;
i)
Sports facilities,
equipment and supplies
ii)
Availability of technical
personnel
iii)
Financial support at the
communities
iv)
Organized competitions
LIMITATION OF STUDY
During
the course of this study, the uncooperative attitude of respondents occurred
but through persuasion and appeal they responded well.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
i)
Strategies;
this is a process of planning and organizing sports competition at community
levels. It involves harnessing human, material and physical resources towards
attaining development at the community level.
ii)
Building
Talents; the new and fresh talents that are
discovered from competitions which can be developed into stars for future.
iii)
Financial
Supports; the involvement of monetary financing of
sports at the community level. This involves corporate sponsorship of programs
in schools and local government areas.
iv)
Community
Sports; this is the participation of sports at
the primary and secondary school and in conjunction with sports for all in the
local government and state government level in various sports.
v)
Leisure
and Recreation Activities; this is the activities
individuals involve in during leisure period e.g. swimming, playing football,
picnic etc.
vi)
Organised
Competition; tournaments arranged for community
club side within the local government levels.
vii)
School
Curriculum; this is the course of instruction for a
school in which sports is a curricular activity.
viii)
Sports
Development; this is the growth in quality of
performance by athletes and administration of sports programmes in the country.
It involves the development of sports facilities, organizing of sports
competitions locally.
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