ABSTRACT
With this work I was able to show, not only what you can
achieve with the computer graphic processing unit (GPU) but also it being the
core in every 3 dimensional (3D) modeling and animation in our visual 3D world
or environment. Though I used “AMD RADEON HD 7400M Series GPU” for the 3D
modeling on this work, there are much powerful GPUs Engine with capabilities to
handle heavy duty 3D images and rendering such as the ‘’Nvidia RTX 2080Ti” which
is among the most powerful GPUs available in the market for heavy duty gaming
and other photo-realistic modeling. To also compare side by side model rendered
with varieties of other GPUs and the difference between a CPU renderings versus
a GPU. To also show how a GPU can be use in movie making using CGI (Computer
Generated Image) which are being use to manipulate visual environment, objects
and other make believes in our Sci-Fi movies such The Avengers. 3D modelings are
heavily used in modeling object such as skies, mountains, aircrafts and alien
being just to make believe. The software used for the modeling shown on this
work was the “Autodesk 3D Max” which is among the best software application
tool use for CGI and 3D modeling. From the introduction of the first 3D
accelerator from 3dfx in 1996 these units have come a long way to be truly
called a “Graphics Processing Unit”. So it is not a wonder that this piece of
hardware is often referred to as an exotic product as far as computer
peripherals are concerned. By observing the current pace at which work is going
on in developing GPUs we can surely come to a conclusion that we will be able
to see better and faster GPUs in the near future.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
1.3 SIGNIFICAN OF THE STUDY
1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION IN GPU
1.5 HISTORYAND STANDARDS OF GPU
1.6 WHAT’S
A GPU?
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
2.0 TYPES OF GPU
2.1 GEFORCE
4
2.2 GEFORCE
4 TI
2.3 COMPONENTS
OF GPU
2.4 PERIPHERAL COMPONENTINTER
CONNECT
2.5 ACCELLERATED GRAPHICS PORT
2.6 HOW IS
3D ACCELLERATION DONE?
2.7 GPU
OVERCLOCKING
2.8 HOW TO
OVERCLOCK GPU
2.9 PERFORMANCE
FACTOR
OF GPU
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 GPU PERFOMANCE
HIERARCHY
3.1 BEST GRAPHIC
CARDS FOR GAMING IN 2020
3.2 INTRODUCTION
TO AUTODESK 3D MAX
3.3 BRIEF HISTORY
OF THE SYSTEM
3.4 3D MODELING
WITH AUTODESK 2016
3.5 GPU RENDERING
VS CPU RENDERING
3.6 ADVANTAGES OF
CPU RENDERING
3.7 ADVANTAGES OF
GPU RENDERING
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 OVERVIEW OF
THE GPU HARDWARE
4.1 DIRECTX AND
OPEN GL
4.1.1 WHAT IS OPENGL
4.1.2 WHAT IS DIRECTX
4.3 DESIGNING A 3D MODEL USING AMD RADEON HD 7400M Series
GPU
4.4 PARRELLE
PROGRAMING WITH CUDA
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 SUMMARY
5.2 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 CHART COMPARISM
PERFORMANCE OF GEFORCE4600 TI
FIGURE 2 PERIPHERAL
COMPONENT INTER-CONNECT
FIGURE 3 ACCELLERATED GRAPHICS PORT
FIGURE 5 AGP MEMORY
ALLOCATION
FIGURE 6 OVERCLOCKING
INDEX
FIGURE 7 GPU PERFORMANCE HIERARCHY 2019
FIGURE 8
BEST GRAPGIC CARD FOR GAMING
FIGURE 9
AUTODESK INTERFACE OVERVIEW
FIGURE 10 AUTODESK INTERFACE
OVERVIEW
FIGURE 11 AUTODESK
INTERFACE OVERVIEW
FIGURE 12 Modeling a box with autodesk, manipulating
light for image background.
FIGURE 13 OVERVIEW OF THE
GPU CARD HARDWARE INTERFACE
FIGURE 14 Radeon X800XL graphics card with DVI, VGA and ViVo connections.
FIGURE 16 OpenGL HardWare InterConnect
FIGURE 17 Autodesk
interface overview modeling a 3D bicycle
FIGURE 18 Autodesk interface overview modeling a 3D bicycle
FIGURE 19 Autodesk interface overview modeling a 3D bicycle
FIGURE 20 Autodesk interface overview modeling a 3D bicycle
FIGURE 21 Autodesk interface overview modeling a 3D bicycle
FIGURE 22 Autodesk interface overview modeling a 3D bicycle
FIGURE 23 Autodesk interface overview modeling a 3D bicycle
FIGURE 24 Autodesk interface overview modeling a 3D bicycle
FIGURE 25 Autodesk interface overview modeling a 3D bicycle
FIGURE 26
FINAL RENDERED RESULT
FIGURE 27 REALISTIC 3D RENDERED DRONE
FIGURE 28
3ds Max Vray Realistic Interior
FIGURE 29 NVIDIA TESLA P100 PERFORMANCE CHART
FIGURE 30 GPU MICROPROCESSING TREND DATA
FIGURE 31
CUDA APPLICATION DOMAIN
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
There are various applications that require a 3D world
to be simulated as realistically as possible on a computer screen. These
include 3D animations in games, movies and other real world simulations. It
takes a lot of computing power to represent a 3D world due to the great amount
of information that must be used to generate a realistic 3D world and the complex
mathematical operations that must be used to project this 3D world on a computer
screen. In this situation, the processing time and bandwidth are at a premium
due to large amounts of both computation and data.
The functional purpose of a GPU then, is to provide a separate dedicated
graphics resources, including a graphics processor and memory, to relieve some
of the burden off of the main system resources, namely the Central Processing
Unit (CPU), Main Memory, and the System Bus, which would otherwise get
saturated with graphical operations and I/O requests. The abstract goal of a
GPU, however, is to enable a representation of a 3D world as realistically as possible.
So these GPUs are designed to provide additional computational power that is customized
specifically to perform these3D task.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
In a world where technology is fast rising,
the computer graphic processing unit (GPU) has been a bit neglected or hasn’t
been be more emphasized on the subject
of computer science. GPU which plays so much role on our daily computing
and some other gargets such as our mobile phones and smart TVs hasn’t been
given a dept thought, we proclaim and emphasizes more on the computer central
processing unit (CPU) disregarding the thought that every pixel we see on our
monitors and display unit has a specific chip powering the process.
In today’s world, where computer generated
image (CGI) movies has taking the hold of the movie industries, the GPU is
number one thing being considered in most of this CGI movie making for its
capability of parallel processing of data and algorithm. Movies such as “The
Avengers” and some other video games like the “Far Cry” which had heavy task on
its production on the GPU because of the heavy CGI being used.
Since what we normally see today are visual
based and computer generated images it’s important to teach how this stuffs
works in early academic lives in computer science. To also set aside the GPU as
one of most needed peripheral in computer system especially when it comes to 3D
designs and modeling, when other basic computer hardware is being mentioned.
With this study I was able to show not just
how much the GPU can do in our daily visual lives but also create some
realistic 3D model and animations using a basic computer GPU.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
Modelling a photo-realistic 3D
image using AMD RADEON HD
7400M Series GPU and comparing other results from more powerful GPUs.
A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic
circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the
creation of images in a frame.
Our display unit and monitors are made up of pixels which are RGB (red green
blue) colours that displays every other colours when combined, this dynamic
change on the pixels is being powered by a chip called the Graphic processing
Unit.
Other
specific objectives:
·
Learning
parallel programming using CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture)
·
This study was to enable us to perform a 3D modelling and an animation
using AMD RADEON HD 7400M
Series GPU on my computer.
·
This
also shows that a GPU rendered more powerful image than a CPU when compared
side by side.
·
With
the help of a powerful GPU such as Nvidia RTX 2080Ti we could produce a
realistic image and CGI (computer generated image) which are used on many
animated movies such as “MOUANA”,”COCO”etc.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
· The
significant of graphic processing unit GPU can’t be over emphasize in the study
of computer science and many other display unit, there should be an indebt
study of the hardware and software of the GPU in our higher institutions. A
student should be able to know and understand how the chips and some other
hardware component in a GPU function.
Student
will be able to understand parallel programming with GPU and also understand
the difference between a GPU and CPU and also be able to distinguish how they
both handle task in the computer system.
· The
student should also understand the significant of a GPU in 3D modeling and CGI
movie production both in an animation and visual simulation. Understand the
deference between CPU rendering and GPU rendering.
·
3D
visual modeling should be taught in our schools and some other institution be
it private or government owned. With this study I was able to prove why.
1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
Many a time I
have always wanted to study computer graphics. I have always been fascinated
about how we humans can be so attached to the visual world on our daily lives.
Building a virtual reality world and some other realistic CGI material.
From
the start I had to know how this graphic works both the hardware aspect of it
and the software. Knowing the kinds of graphic cards and there specification on
different types of image processing. So I decided to study computer graphics
and the things which it can be use for more especially 3D modeling and
animation.
LIMITATION
There are many limitations when using GPU for
3d modeling, animation and to also produce a GPU card in Nigeria:
·
In a
country where we don’t have silicon which is used for electronic chip
production and some other electronic component, availability of material is
nullified and we end up importing. Importation isn’t ideal for an amateur GPU
production. The cost of it might render a business bankrupt for starters.
· Secondly,
the power supply; in a country where we have inconsistent power supply,
rendering most images or a short 3D animation could be hectic and time
consuming. Most of this data waste a lot of time when rendering and so require
that the power supply be readily available 24/7.
· Cost
of an average computer system for 3D modeling can be worrisome, most of it cost
close to N150, 000 naira. Having a compatible graphic card for a particular
system could also be an issue when dealing with GPU. Some GPU are mother-board
selective so getting a compatible one could prove to be expensive.
1.5 HISTORY AND STANDAREDS
The first graphics cards, introduced in August of 1981
by IBM, were monochrome cards designated as Monochrome Display Adapters (MDAs). The displays that used these cards
were typically text-only, with green or white text on a black background. Color
for IBM-compatible computers appeared on the scene with the 4-color Hercules Graphics Card (HGC), followed
by the 8-color Color Graphics Adapter (CGA)
and 16-color Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA).During
the same time, other computer manufacturers, such as Commodore, were
introducing computers with built-in graphics adapters that could handle a varying
number of colors.
When IBM introduced the Video
Graphics Array (VGA) in 1987, a new graphics standard came in to being.
AVGA display could support up to 256colors (outofapossible262,
144-colorpalette) at resolutions up to 720x400. Perhaps the most interesting
difference between VGA and the preceding formats Is that VGA was analog, where
as displays had been digital upto that point. Going from digital to analog may
seem like a step backward, but it actually provided the ability to vary the
signal for more possible combinations than the strict on/off nature of digital.
Over
the years, VGA gave
way
to Super Video Graphics
Array
(SVGA). SVGA cards were based on
VGA, but each card
manufacturer added
resolutions and
increased color depth
in different ways. Eventually, the Video Electronics Standards
Association (VESA) agreed on a standard implementation of SVGA that
provided up to16.8millioncolors and 1280x1024 resolution. Most graphics cards
available today support Ultra Extended
Graphics Array (UXGA). UXGA can support a palette of up to 16.8 million
colors and resolutions up to 1600x1200 pixels.
Even though any card you can buy today will offer higher colour and
resolution than the basic VGA specification, VGA mode is the factor to standard
graphic and is the minimum on all cards. In addition to include VGA, a graphic
card must be able to communicate to your computer. While the rest are still
numbers of the graphic cards that plug into an Industry Standard Architecture
(ISA) or Peripheral Component
Interconnect (PCI) slot, most current graphics cards use the Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP).
1.6 WHAT IS A GPU
A Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) is a microprocessor
that has been designed specifically for the processing of 3D graphic. The
processor is built with integrated transform, lighting, triangle setup or
clipping, and rendering engines, capable of handling millions of math intensive
processes per second. GPUs form the heart of modern graphics card, relieving
the CPU of much of the graphic processing load. GPUs allow productivity such as
desktop PCs, portable computers, and game console to process real-time 3D
graphic that only a few years ago were only available on high-end workstation
used primarily for 3D application, a graphic processing as single-chip
processor that creates lighting effect and transform objective every time a 3D
scene is redrawn. These are mathematically-intensive
tasks, which otherwise, would put quite a strain on the CPU.
Lifting this burden from
the CPU frees up cycles
that can be used for other jobs.
However, the GPU is not just for playing 3D-intense video games or for
those who create graphics (sometimes referred to as graphics rendering or
content-creation) but is a crucial component that is critical to the PC's
overall system speed. In order to fully appreciate the graphics card's role it
must first be understood.
Many synonyms for Graphic Processing Unit in which the popular one being
the graphic card is also known as the video accelerator, video adapter, video
board, graphic accelerator, graphic adapter.
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