ABSTRACT
Magazine is an
embodiment of detailed report, analysis and interpretation of events combined
with literary and artistic works produced periodically for the generally born
specific audience. Okumma, (1999,p.34) magazine as a print medium like the
newspaper which is a bound periodically (not an everyday publication) that
contains variety of content written by various contributions. On this platform
therefore, this study looks at “magazine reading habits of students in tertiary
institutions in Anambra state with Federal
College of education
(Tech) Umunze as the study area. The magazine emerged to satisfy their desire
for education, information and entertainment as knowledge is always acquired
everyday in the life of human being. The survey research method was deemed
right in conducting the research. Out of a total population of 5000, a sample
size of 400 was used and data was collected from respondent through the use of
questionnaire. The copies of questionnaire were used as instrument to elicit or
generate relevant responses from eh population of the study. At the end of the
study, it was discovered that a good number of students at their early age of
study could not distinguish between magazine and newspaper and in that loose
interest in reading magazines. I will recommend that magazine owners’
practitioners should bridge this gap by ensuring that students devote more time
on reading magazine through attractive and interest in the packaging.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of content
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Statement of problems
1.3
Research questions
1.4
Significance of study
1.5
Purpose of the study
1.6
Limitations of study
1.7
Delimitations
1.8
Definitions of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Theoretical framework
2.3 Empirical Interpretation
2.4 Summary of Literature review
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
Methodology
3.1 Research design
3.2 Population
3.3 Sampling / sample
3.4 Sample size
3.5 Sampling techniques
3.6 Measuring Instrument
3.7 Validity / Reliability
3.8 Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Presentation of data and analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 Conclusion
Reference
Appendix 1
Questionnaires
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Magazine
is a type of printed publication. It is a periodical publication containing
articles and illustrations often on a past and present events aimed and written
for a particular readership.
Magazine are usually published
weekly, monthly or bi-monthly. It is like the newspaper only that they are well
and better packaged, bound together and contains in-depth and well researched
news.
According to Nwosu (2005,p.13)
Magazine like the newspaper is a popular read. It is ubiquitous, found in all
nooks and crannies of any society. It is like the newspapers an
institutionalized material which has created excitement and sadness.
According to Alozie (2009,p.102),
magazine is a bound printed publication which contains news and other forms of
information on a wide range of recent and past events.
Also, according to Owuamalam
(2010,p.12) sees magazine as the collection of materials usually text and
visuals compiled into a volume as a publication
The inquisitive nature of man has
been the basic instinct that has driven him to grace for the intriques of life.
To
assuage the thirst for information, education and entertainment, the mass
media, an institution channel with the responsibility of detailing the events,
of the day in words sound and pictures came as a rescue.
However,
the audiences of this great institution (mass media) are known to be
discriminatory, responsive and are also selective in choice and perception of
mass media messages. They prefer a medium that can report, analyse and interpret
events in a colourful package. No other medium can carry out this
responsibility objectively and excellently except the magazine.
According to Okunna, (1999,p.34)
explained that magazine as a print medium like the newspaper which is bound
periodically (not an everyday publication) that contains variety of content
written by various contributions.
Furthermore, Haulting and Nelson,
(1992,p.100) described it as “A publication which serves as stored house for
essays, stories, news, poems and other items to entertain and instruct readers.
Moreso,a magazine is an embodiment
of detailed reports ,analysis and interpretation of events combined with
literary and artistic works produced periodically for the generally born
specific audience .
The audience reacts to the contents
of the message presented . Different people utilize different media for
different purposes or reasons. The selection of a particular media meswsage
depends on expectation or importance of the media to the users value.
Many magazine publish special
edition to reach those specialized audience. What may appear to be one
nationally distributed magazine is actually several specialized publication
under the same cover. For example, time magazine publication both demographic
and regional editions. There are three types of magazine, trade, consumer
magazine and business magazine. Trade magazine cater to different callings
except professions. They discuss, pricings, where to get what product etc. they
are principally concerned with merchandising on marketing operations. The
circulation is to people involved in the trade for proper information and news.
Retailers and distributerso could benefit from the contents.
Consumers magazine, involves very
popular type of magazine, the general interest and special interest appeals. In
Nigeria,
both enjoy sizabale number of readership. The general interest editorial
content cuts across a lot of key demographics zones, age, sex, profession,
ethnicity etc. this is because the articles are broad affecting everybody in a
special way. Also special interest magazine is more restricted and is directed
to select people of both sexes an unspecified mature age group.
According to Nwosu (2005.p.21)
Business magazine is a publication that is directed at an identified group with
some peculiarity would run into the type of industry, business, professions,
vacation or occupation. It is educative and should enhance mobility in either
status intellectual or in profession after imbibing the subject of discourse.
Also there are variations of
magazine based on the frequency of publication. These include weekly monthly
and quarterly magazine. The radiation of magazine is one thing, the attitude of
the generality of the people towards them is another thing. People tend ot read
one type of magazine or the other. This different in choice can be attributed
to their different contents, gender, age, educational level, profession and
economic status.
While some people red stories
relating to national and international news like economy, spors, political,
editorial etc, others are interested in reading entertainment materials like
cartoon, feminine issues in terms of fashion and cookery as well as crime,
accidents and disaster. It is realization of the indispensable and invaluable
rote, which the magazine play in keeping the society alive that a loss of
question to mind. What constitutes an impediment to the reading or what influences
their reading behaviour of these magazine.
Weber and Flaming (1989,pp.142-150)
had conducted a lot o studies on magazine
reading behaviour. Their studies have come to prove that male have more
positive attitude towards reading of magazine than the female. A major reason
for the overall steady growth of magazines has been their ability to adapt with
remarkable efficiency to the changing media behaviour of readers and the
unpredicatable changes in the economy. In the light of this awareness, the
study reflects its search light on “Reading
behaviour of students in Institution of Higher Learning in Anambra States (A
case study of Federal College of Education (Tech) Umunze.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF PROBLEMS
Magazine a division of the print media, known for
disseminating detailed information of
events to the public in, 15 role as the information processor, the magazine which is involved in news gathering, editing
and dissemination has built, within its structure, devices to ensure the packaging of stories
worthy of publication
in order to
perform the enormous function of mass communication. The
extent to which the magazine performs the functions referred to the audience perception of the content.
But the students of Federal College of Education (Tech)
Umunze, a subsection of the public, have different attitudes towards different
classes of magazine.
Hence, this research was carried out
on the magazine reading behavior of students in Federal College of Education
(Tech) Umunze in order to unfold the factors necessitating the choice of magazine. Thus, the study
tended to answer the question as to why some students of this school read certain
content of the
magazine and others. It also examined the question whether time factor, age and
year of study affect the magazine reading habit of students.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF
THE STUDY
This esearch is primarily undertaken to uncover the
degree of magazine reading behaviour of students in Federal
College of Education (TECH) Umunze
1) To examining the magazine reading nature of
students
2) Ascertain the frequency of issues affecting
students covered by the magazine.
3) To examine the extent at which the
student’s reads the magazine.
4) To ascertain whether the magazine
adequately solve the problems of the students
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
To realize the set objectives
of this study, the following questions are posed;
1.
Does the proliferation of magazines determine students
reading habits of such magazine?
2. To
what extent do
magazine contents influence
the
students in
Federal College of Education
(Technical)
Umunze?
3. Docs the frequency of publication affect
the reading habits of students in Federal College of Education (Tech]
Umunze?
4. What factors or situations influence the reading
habits of students
in Federal College
of Education (Tech) Umunze?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE
OF STUDY
1. The existing problems of magazine
reading habits
of students in institution of higher
learning like Federal College of Education (Tech)
Umunze, are significant to justify the need to
change the status quo and this study will offer solutions to the problems.
The need for this study is seen in
terms of the benefit the study
would offer to the research, individuals, the media and the society. The study will help the researcher to understand students more with a view to advising them on how best to achieve a greater
improvement in their quest for academic and intellectual proficiency. It will also help the media owners and media practitioners
to know if information meant for
students reach them. It will also enable the media practitioners to know how
the dissemination of information could be best handled.
Consequently, it will also enable
media practitioner's to appreciate more of
the problems relating to information flow as
it concerns the students level of commitment for information meant for them. The study will be of great value in determining the extent to which the magazine
reading rate has influenced the
contribution of students for the issue of societal betterment- It will
also help the society in gaining an insight into the role the society can play in order to boost student's awareness.
1.6 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
1. The purpose
of the study is to find
out if students of this institution read magazines.
2. To
discover the kind of magazine that they read
3. To determine the reading behaviour in
terms of where and when they read magazine.
4. To
discover what influences the reading behaviour of the students.
5. To
know the problems that militates against
the reading behaviour of the student in Federal College of
Education (Tech) Umunze.
TYPES OF MAGAZINES
Magazine are of different types, depending on its areas of interest. As the
case maybe, every magazine has a target audience whoe the magazine want to
satisfy. To be able to satisfy the needs of this particular audience, the
magazine is packaged in a way that those needs are met, magazine covers a wide
range. Some are focused on sports, health, telecommunicaiton, advertising,
education, fashion, entertainment etc the type of magazines are as follows:
1. General interest magazine
2. Special interest magazine
3 News magazine
4. Sensational magazine
5. Scholarly magazine etc.
1. The general interest
magazine: Is published by Clair Maxwell cent, and it is published weekly
and established in 2002. according to Mott (2010,p.103) general interest
magazine contains a wide variety of reading materials that are intended to
appeal to virtually every kind of reader. These include entertainment, opinion,
news, interpretation etc.
2. Special interest magazine:
According to Hiebert et al (1974), on their discusion of the nature of the
special interest magazine; magazine are increasingly providing communicaiton
for special interest groups and have increasingly found their strength in their
ability to reach readers who are related not by geography but by interest
whether professional, occupational, vocational or even sexual. Moreover, the
special interest magazine offers its readers content that is tailored to match
their specific interest and thus justify the high subscripiton ratio which they
pay for such magazine.
3 The news Maagzine
This type of magazine is the most influenctial of the types of magazines.
They are publications designed to summarize the news and provide added depth
and interpretation that newspapers cannot give. They deal more with
contemporary affairs, publish articles, news and discuss issues in such diverse
fields like religion, labou, politics, sports, art, the environment etc.
4. Sensational magazine: This
type of magazine can also be find in a newspaper format. They are thin, but
large in size as compared to other magazine. Sensational magazine are said to
thrive on creating a stir. Flashy headlines are used to attract attention of
the readers, and the main focus is on stories related to celebrities or any
other amazing stories.
5. Scholarly magazine: This
mainly focus on academics and it reviews inforamtion and in depth in all
subjects. The formats of providing inforamtion in a scholarly magazine is in highly
order and so the text books alike. You find more of graphs and charts rather
than picturs and as well as teaching and providing help in researches. And was
founded in the 18th century.
1.7 LIMITATION
OF STUDY
In the cause of conducting this research work, some constraints were
encountered. Some students who were administered questionnaires did not return them thereby limiting scope of sampling. Also some of the student
refused to volunteer sensible answers in completing the questionnaires. Another
impediment to this study was the difficulty in the access to right literature
which almost hindered to greater extent, the whole research process. Even the
researcher found it daunting to get a related literature or material in the
course of this study. Finally, the constraints in having access to the
departmental library for more research on the study nearly crippled the efforts
of the researcher.
1.8 DELIMITATIONS
This research work
was delimited to only the regular students
running their programmes in federal College of ducat ion (Tech) Umunze.
1 .9 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
Certain variable are of keen interest
to the research, are magazine, reading habit, communication, random sampling, design, college,
institution, information, education, message, source, channels and response.
MAGAZINE: Is a type of printed publication. It is a periodical publciation containing
articles and illustratins often on a past and present events aimed and written
for a particualr readership.
READING BEHAVIOUR: This is the way students read magazine behavior, interest,
potentials and opinion
of an audience whose life have been affected by being
exposed to magazine.
COMMUNICATION: Communication is defined
as the sharing of ideas, information,
opinion, feelings or experiences between people. This values two-ways flow of information, the source and receiver.
RANDOM SAMPLING: Random sampling is the method of a population a universal so that each member of the population has an equal chance of
being selected.
DESIGN: This is the term used to describe a number of decisions which need to be taken regarding the collection
of data before ever data are collected.
MESSAGE: This is the actual content or derivable meaning of the message or derivable
meaning of the information exchange via communication. It is that purpose of communication and embodies the idea, thought or expression that the source sends to
whomever the message is meant for
[the audience].
SOURCE: This is the
major element person)
who information or message comes from. It
is usually a human element viz, a
speaker, teacher, writer, broadcaster etc.
CHANNEL(S): This is the medium via which the message or information passes to the receiver
(audience). It may consist of various means like: a printed material, a broadcast medium, a town crier, an adverts van etc.
RESPONSE: After the receiver
has interpreted the message, he would
then react by manner of the response. Whatever way the receiver responds
depends on his interpretation of the message.
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