ABSTRACT
The focus of
this study is on “Impacts of small business enterprises on employment creation
in Lagos State. Small Business Enterprises are the vocal discuss and objective
of this research is to ascertain the role of SBEs assumed to have played in
terms of employment creation among others.
The survey
research method was employed and questionnaires were used to collect the
necessary data from respondents.
To achieve these
objectives, a 5 point Likert Scale was developed and validated to collect
information from a sample of 50 respondents. Representing employees from the
selected SBEs. the findings from the result obtained showed that small business
enterprises has positive impacts on employment creations in Lagos State and the
availability of infrastructural provision on small business enterprises have
impacts on employment creation in Lagos State.
It was however
recommended that government should encourage small business enterprises with
the provisions of basic requirements, financial supports, enable environment
and stability in the polity so as to minimize unemployment in Nigeria.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of
Contents vi
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.0
Background to
the Study 1
1.1
Statement of
the Problem 5
1.2
Objectives of
the Study 6
1.3
Research
questions 7
1.4
Research
hypotheses 8
1.5
Significance
of the Study 8
1.6
Scope and
de-limitation of work 9
1.7
Outline of
chapters 9
1.8
Definition of
terms 11
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0
Introduction 12
2.1
Theoretical definitions of Small
Business Enterprises 13
2.2
Characteristics
of Small Business Enterprises 14
2.3
Financing of Small Business Enterprises 17
2.4
Relevance of
Small Business Enterprises 20
2.5
The problem
facing Small Business Enterprises 21
2.6
Roles of Small
Business Enterprises 24
2.7
Solutions of
Small Business Enterprises 25
2.8
Employment creation output and production growth 27
2.9
Small Business Enterprises as a tool for
employment creations in Lagos State 29
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0
Introduction 33
3.1
Restatement
of research question 33
3.2
Restatement of
research hypotheses 34
3.3
Research
Design 35
3.4
Population of
the study 35
3.5
Target
population 36
3.6
Sample and
sampling techniques 36
3.7
Data
collection 37
3.8
Research instrument
38
3.9
Validity and
reliability of the study 39
3.10
Limitation of
the study 38
3.11
Methods of
data analysis 39
CHAPTER FOUR:
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION
4.0
Introduction 40
4.1
Analysis of personal data of respondents 40
4.2
Evaluation of
research hypothesis 43
4.3
Hypothesis
one 47
4.4
Hypothesis
two
CHAPTER FIVE:
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0
Introduction 51
5.1
Discussion of
Findings 51
5.2
Conclusion 53
5.3
Recommendations 53
Bibliography 56
Questionnaires 58
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Small business enterprise plays a key role in
expanding and diversifying industrial production and also contributes to such
objectives as employment generation, poverty eradication, improved income
distribution and fulfilling basic needs of most developing countries.
Small business enterprises was defined by the
Central bank of Nigeria in it’s guideline that it is any business organization
with an annual turnover of less than five hundred thousand naira. (CBN Guide (2002).
Small business enterprise may be seen as a business
which is independently owned and managed and which does not dominate its
relevant market segment of interest (Griffin and Ebert, 1999) Unemployment is
undoubtedly a big challenge to any government, development planner the private
sector and society at large. This is why it is very important to pay particular
attention to the creation of employment because according to Tomori (1998), the
consequence of unemployment (whether prolonged or short-term), leaves a scar on
every individual, family or country that is faced with the problem.
In the first instance, the degree of frustration and
poverty experienced by the unemployed person who is willing to work but cannot
find a job is considerable. His or her frustration could be transformed into
violence or crime, which in-turn whether collective or individual can shake up
any political system and cause instability. Second, the loss of income to
individuals and households is equally great; the under-utilization of labour
resources create poses a difficult problem for society in terms of the wastage
in manpower resources which may have probably been expensively trained. Small
business enterprises have been favored as institutions that are capable of
providing solutions to the high level of unemployment menacing the country.
Small business enterprises is an independent business which is managed and
which does not dominate its relevant market segment of
interest, managed by its owner or part owner and has a small market
share (Bolton Report, 2006).
Today, the unemployment problem has eaten even
deeper into fabrics of the Nigeria
society and threatened her
economic growth, much more than was bargained for and has left little to be
desired indeed, the situation has deteriorated to the level that graduates of higher institution
spend up to three to four years at home
after graduation without any sign of “white-collar” jobs coming their ways,
thus, it has been argued that people who lose their jobs or are prematurely
relieved from active civil service, pensioners delinquent youths, unemployed
graduates even suffers of HIV/AIDS, all of these groups, and many others, could
solve their problems of unemployment by starting a business of their own in the
small business enterprises (SBEs).
Small business enterprises believed to be the engine
room for the development of any economy because they form the bulk of business
activities in a growing economy like that of Lagos State. This is manifested in
the following ways.
1. Employment generation capacity of about fifty
percentage of global working population
2. Small business enterprises constitute major avenues
for income generation and participation in economic activities in the lower
income and developing societies.
3. National economic development prospects hangs on
entrepreneurial energy of vibrant small business as most big business concern
grew from small scale to become big icons.
4. As they grow they protect nations from the
geographical cost benefit permutations of a few multinational who are ever
prepared to close up their business and relocate at the slightest provocation
or appearance of economic downturn.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
For any economy to be developed, people must be
prepared to place their money or resources on short-term and long term investment
and bear business risks. In Nigeria,
there was lack of authentic up to date information on the role played by small
Business Enterprises towards economic growth and development and most
especially through creation of job opportunities for the people (AJALA E.M
1999)
The irregular government policies, poor financial
aid and poor infrastructural problems that ginger the cost of production, make
the small business enterprises to be
baffling with survival rather than creation of employment as expected. As a
result the researcher intends to find out at what rate has SBEs in Nigeria
create employment.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The major objective of this study is to determine
the role played by small business enterprises in generating employment
opportunities for the people of Lagos State in order to enhance the growth and
development of the economy.
1. To examine the extent to which small business
enterprises creates employment opportunities in Lagos State.
2. To study the mechanism that assists and support
small business enterprises and their contribution to employment generation.
3. To examine how small business enterprises create
employment opportunity in the manufacturing sector.
4. To know if financial institutions encourages small
business enterprises to achieve its predetermined objective.
5. To study if infrastructural provision helps small
business enterprises to grow in Lagos State.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. To
what extent has Small Business Enterprises create employment opportunity in
Lagos State?
2. How does Small Business Enterprises improve
the standard of living of average Nigerians?
3. Does financial institution help Small
Business Enterprises to achieve it predetermined objectives?
4. To what extent has Small Business
Enterprises help to reduce unemployment rate in Lagos State?
5. How does infrastructural provision help
small business enterprise to grow in Lagos State?
1.4 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
Ho: Small Business enterprises have no positive
impact on employment creations in Lagos State.
Hi: Small Business Enterprises have positive
impact on employment creations in Lagos State
Ho: The availability of infrastructural provision
on Small Business Enterprises would not have any impact on employment
generation in Lagos State.
Hi: The availability of infrastructural
provision on Small Business Enterprises would have impact on employment
generation in Lagos State.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study is very important to
individual or groups, firms, and the nation at large. The following were some
of the importance of this study?
1. The study would assist as to know how small business
enterprise aid in creating employment opportunities in Lagos State.
2. The study would assist individual, firm and the
nation in planning business by revealing all aspects of the intended business.
3. The study would also aid prospective investors to
fulfill the requirements of small business establishment.
1.6 SCOPE AND DE-LIMITATION OF WORK
The research would be limited to a few selected
Small Business Enterprises in Ojo and
Amuwo Odofin area of Lagos State.
1.7 OUTLINE OF CHAPTERS
Chapter one: Introduced us to the body of research work, in this
chapter various textbooks and journals will be reviews to ascertain various
thoughts on small business enterprises on employment creations in Lagos State.
Chapter Two: The means of literature review will be majorly
through textbooks and journals to get a grasp of what small business
enterprises is all about and how it leads to employment opportunities.
Chapter Three: research methodology is the term on how research
will be carried out the primary and secondary data, research design will be
adopted, and this will involves acquisition of various and relevant information
concerning small business enterprises and employment creations in Lagos
State.
Chapter four: Data Analysis and interpretation is based on
presentation of data, analyses and results testing of hypotheses and discussion
for results. It explains how facts will be analyzed using statistical
framework.
Chapter five: Summary and conclusion of main findings and
recommendations will take place after completion
1.8 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Small Business: These are enterprises that are locally owned and
managed often with very few workers. Small business enterprises have simple
structure they often show attitudes and behaviours.
Unemployment: It means a situation where able men and women have
not job to do.
Economic
Development: It means maturity of
the quality and quantity of a goods produced in a county.
Economic Growth: It means quantitative increase in country’s input
and output over a particular period of time.
Working Capital: This means fund for acquiring and running small
business
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