ABSTRACT
This
research examined the Impact of Technological Change on Organizational Success
with special reference to Multichem Industrial Limited. The research adopted survey research design.
Data were gathered through primary source with the aid of a well-structured
questionnaire. Simple random sampling technique was adopted in the selection of
sample, this was used to eliminate biasness in the selection process of the
respondents.
Data garnered were presented on table using
percentage and the formulated hypotheses were analysed with the used of
Chi-square statistical method. The result of the analysis shows that advanced
technology will significantly enhance employees’ performance. Also, the way
people behave in the organization will significantly depend on the type of
technology adopted. The success of technological change in a manufacturing
sector depends on the know-how of the employees. And finally, the effectiveness
and efficiency of any company depend on the quality of its technological inputs
Based
on the conclusion of the analysis recommendations were proffered to the staff
and management of Multichem Industrial Limited.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Cover
page 1
Abstract 2
Table
of Content 3
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 General Introduction 5
1.1 Statement of the Problems 8
1.2 Objective of the Study 9
1.3 Significance of Study 10
1.4 Scope of the Study 10
1.5 Limitation of the Study 11
1.6 Research Hypothesis 11
1.7 Historical Background 11
1.8 Definition of Terms 14
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 15
2.1 Technological Change and its Impacts 15
2.2 Nature of Automation Technology 19
2.3 Effect of Technology Change 24
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 33
3.1 Research Design 33
3.2 Data Collection Method 33
3.3 Population of the Study 33
3.4 Sample and Sampling Techniques 34
3.5 Research Instrument 34
3.6 Distribution of Questionnaire Administered 34
3.7 Conduct of Field Work 35
3.8 Method of Data Analysis 35
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.0 Introduction 37
4.1 Data Presentation 37
4.2 Analysis of Work Organisation 38
4.3 Quality Control 43
4.4 Testing of Hypotheses 43
4.5 Discussion 57
4.6 Limitations 59
CHAPTER FIVE:
CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1. Int4roduction 60
5.2 Summary 60
5.3 Recommendations 63
5.4 Critique/Further Direction to Researchers
for Suggested
Areas
of Future Research 64
References 65
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
The
only constant phenomenon is change. This is most instructive to industrial
manager who have been forced to operate in an environment where an avalanche of
change is taking place.
Globalization
and economic recession which the world is experiencing have made the need for a
more innovation and cost effective sources of doing business.
Change
is inevitable, pervasive and permanent feature of all organization.
Technological change has been the key to the success of many organizations of
the twenty-first century and the cause of failure of numerous others. From the
time immemorial, industrial revolution ushered in an era of factory system. A
system where machines were used to
replace crude manpower.
Sophisticated
technology has brought in new innovations and more powerful machines in swift
response to the challenges posed by constant change. Technological change has
led to the invention of assembly line, flow line production system, Henry Ford
was reputed to bring monumental development and changes to production process.
The most innovatory aspects of the moving mechanized assembly line.
Many
successful organization today particularly the multinational company. (MNCS)
are evidence of positive impact of advanced technology. Technology is an engine
of growth which must be embraced by organization who wishes to complete
effectively in the global completive market.
Organizations
do not just embark on technological change. Organizations have reasons for
investing into new technology. The rationale for technological change
are:-
PRODUCTIVITY
Technology
is a key resources and an important factor in increasing productivity. This is
confirmed by the research of Haye and Clark (1995). They studied that factors
that account for differences in productivity among factories. Therefore to be
able to eliminate bottlenecks in productivity and sustain the level of
productivity, organizations must embark on technological change.
COMPETITIVENESS
The
high degree of global competition as a result of globalization and deregulation
of the world economy. It has made the need for organizations to be on their
toes. Technological change enables organizations to complete effectively in the
global market. Organizations that fail to adopt new technology will face the
daunting challenges of competitive arena.
QUALITY CONTROL
In
swift response to the challenges emanating from the environment, organizations
are forced to produce standardized and quality products. This is only
achievable with the use of technology which makes quality of products to be
controlled. For example, computer Aided Design (CAD) and Auto-CAD have brought
in precision to production processes.
Another
rationale for technological change is cost control and elimination waste.
Advanced technology is the cost effective way of doing business.
Computer-controlled production process eliminate lengthy set-up removing the
bottlenecks and helping to divided output.
EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY
Organization
adopts technology to function effectively and efficiently. The needs of the
customer are promptly attended to. To achieve effectiveness and efficiency,
organization adopt technological change as a panacea to organization and
operational inefficiency.
The
successful operation of multinational company is contingent upon the
availability of technology, technical know-how and the Human resources. More
recently, most organizations are using micro-electronics to revolutionize
significantly the nature of work and employment conditions for staff.
Technological changes has also typically resulted into flatter organizational
pyramid with fewer levels of management required.
The
issue of technological change and its attendant effects son the organization
have long been a matter of consideration and the more recent development in the
field of electronics and information technology (IT) are of great excitement to
imagination and hence invites speculations.
1.1 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEMS
Technological
change has resulted into re-organization of work and production processes. In
the early days of factory system, organizations were highly labour intensive. Operations
were carried out but human element but with the invention of new technology,
there is a shift always from orthodox system and organization’s activities become
machine intensive. Hence, many organizations embarked on technological change
in swift response to the dictate of the time and environment.
Advanced
technology such as computer has brought in flexibility to work organization and
makes works easier and faster. Essentially, it brings high degree of
operational efficiency and new patterns of work organization.
The
problem of this study is the implication of technological change in spite of
benefits to the organization. Its adoption has human and social related
consequences. Organizational change is often resisted, thus resistance from
employees and client could precipitate into problem.
Elimination
of existing jobs is another problem. Employees that are not multi-skilled the
risk of bring retrenched. This makes labour unions resist computerization as a
result of displacement of members from there jobs especially secretaries and
employees that are not computer literate or technologically inclined.
Another
problem of this research work is that technological change creates low morale,
confusion and frustration among workers and can seriously damage credibility of
the management.
Industrial
accident is another problem of this study. Installing new technology without
proper training the workforce can lead to a negative effect.
Also
failure to match technological change to the concomitant human and social
considerations means that staff may become resentful, suspicious and defensive.
Their uncertainties and fear may result in a reluctance to accept change.
However,
psychological and social implications of technical change such, as information
technology and increase automation must not be underestimated. New ideas and
innovations should not be seen by staff by threats. Managers have to balance
the need for adaptability and meeting opportunities by new technology with an
atmosphere of stability and concern for the interests of staff.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The
study, apart from aiming at adding to the scanty available works on
technological change in Nigeria,
skill has the following objectives:
a.
To examine reasons for organizational
change
b.
To examine the problem emanating from
the change in organization
c.
To identify manpower consequent to
adoption of automation technology and find solutions to them.
d.
To determine the effects of technology
change on the workers and their unions.
e.
To determine the cost and benefits of
advanced technology over orthodox system.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The
Human Relations movement believes that change is inevitable feature of all
organization. Therefore, the study seeks to avail captains of industries,
entrepreneurs, Human resources practitioners the opportunity to be coconscious
of the benefits of advanced technology in achieving organizational success.
The
study is significant, because it will add to the body of knowledge in
industrial setting and will enrich academic world on the more recent
development in the field of technology.
1.4 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
The
research work focuses on technology change and its impact on organizational
success. The scope covers the impact of technological change on organizational
success as it affects Multichem Industries Limited.
This
research work covers basic concept of technological development, process and
application. The scope focuses on the use of automation, heavy machines and
computers.
1.5 LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
This
study is not complete without its flaw. Some constraints encountered in the
course of this research work are:-
v There
was paucity of textbook to use in carrying out the research work.
v Another
one is the lack of adequate fund as the study requires internet browning which
is money consuming.
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
With
regards to the purpose and problems of the study, the hypothesis to be tested
in the study are:-
a)
Advanced technology will significantly
enhance employees’ performance.
b)
The way people behave in the
organization will significantly depend on the type of technology adopted.
c)
The success of technological change in a
manufacturing sector depends on the know-how of the employees.
d)
The
effectiveness and efficiency of any company depend on the quality of its
technological inputs
1.7 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The
company belongs to Tolaram Group of company (The group’s headquarter in Nigeria
is at Osborne Road, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria. The International headquarter is in Singapore (Asia) with other subsidiaries spread across the globe.
At
inception the company been with 140 employees and by 1999, the branches had
reached six with the strength of seven hundred and one (701).
MIL
dealt with only Textile Auxiliaries Chemicals with two department namely:-
production and Accounts. By December, 1999, MIL produced chemical for local and
international markets.
As
the demand for their chemical and products increased, Multichem management
decided to embark on technological change to boost productivity level and meet
market’s demand. The chemical MIL deal with a digesture, fizzing, caustic soda,
resins, printing ink, and other (over 85 types of chemical with NAFDAC’s
approval).
Over
the years, the department have grown up to nine (9) namely Human resources,
Account, warehouse, maintenance, textile auxiliaries, printing, inks,
laboratory, sales and quality control with various sections. The annual
turnover for 1998 it rose to N1.2billion
and the target for the year 2000 was N1.5billion
which was realized.
ORGANISATION
STRUCTURE
The
overall organizational structure existing presently has the Board of Director
at the ape to which the Managing Director/Chief Executive reports. In return,
the Managing Director has two (2) Director reporting to him. The two (2)
Directors are those of Technical and operation.
The
main objectives of this structure are to improve the efficiency of operations
enhance high quality productivity.
1.8 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Technology:
This is the
theoretical knowledge of industry and the industrial arts.
Automation: This is the theory, art
and techniques of converting a mechanical process of maximum automatic
operation by the use of computer.
Computer: A power-driven device with keyboard,
storage and recording devices form high stopped performance.
I.T: This means Information
Technology.
ADP: This means Automatic Data
Processing
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