ABSTRACT
This research work centered on the influence of
learning environment on the academic performance of students in public junior
secondary school in Ojo local government area. This study was aimed at finding
how learning environment has an impact on academic performance on students. The
researcher made effort to review books, journals and other materials relating
to the different headings incorporated in the literature review. The study
population for this study composed of 80 students in four public secondary
schools in ojo local government area, Lagos state. The instrument used to
collect data for this study was questionnaire. Te data was analyzed through
SPSS computer package. The result obtained indicate that a significant
relationship exist between learning environment and academic performance.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS PAGES
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of Content vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 4
1.3 Purpose of the Study 5
1.4 Research Questions 5
1.5 Research Hypotheses 6
1.6 Significance of the Study 6
1.7 Scope of the Study 7
1.8 Limitation of the Study 7
1.9 Definition of Term 8
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 10
2.1.1 Learning 10
2.1.2 The Learning Environment, Learning Processes 13
and
Learning Outcomes (LEPO) 18
2.2 Learning Environment And Students Academic
Performance 24
2.3 Learning
Environment And Gender 36
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 37
3.1 The Research Design 37
3.2 Population of the Study 38
3.3 Sample and Sampling Technique 39
3.4 Research Instrument 39
3.5 Validity of the Instrument 40
3.6 Reliability of the Instrument 40
3.7 Method of Data Collection 40
3.8 Method of Data Analysis 41
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION,
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Introduction 42
4.2 Analysis of Respondents’ Bio data 42
4.3 Analysis of the Questionnaire 43
4.4 Hypotheses Testing 51
4.5 Findings 54
4.6 Discussion of Findings 54
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION
AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary 56
5.2 Conclusion 57
5.3 Recommendation 57
References
Questionnaires
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to
the Study
The
learning environment, which include the classrooms, libraries, technical
workshops, laboratories, teachers’ quality, school management, teaching
methods, peers, etc are variables that affect students’ academic achievement
(Ajayi, 2001 and Oluchukwu, 2000). Hence, the learning environment remains an
important area that should be studied and well managed to enhance students’
academic performance.
The issue of poor academic performance of students in
Nigeria has been of much concern to the government, parents, teachers and even
student themselves. The quality of education not only depends on the teachers
as reflected in the performance of their duties, but also in the effective
coordination of the learning environment (Ajao 2001) learning environment which
include instructional spaces planning, administrative places planning,
circulation spaces planning, spaces for conveniences planning, accessories
planning, the teachers as well as the students themselves are essential in
teaching-learning process. The extent to which student learning could be
enhanced depends on their location within the school compound, the structure of
their classroom, availability of instructional facilities and accessories. It
is believed that a well planned school will gear up expected outcomes of
education that will facilitate good social, political and economic
emancipation, effective teaching and learning process and academic performance
of the students.
Relating this study to international occurrences are
the assertions of Williams, Persaud, and Turner (2008), quoting Marsden (2005),
which reported that safe and orderly classroom environment (aspect of
instructional space), School facilities (accessories) were significantly
related to students’ academic performance in schools. The three researchers,
also quoted Glassman (1994), asserting that a comfortable and caring
environment among other treatments helped to contribute to students` academic
performance.
The physical characteristics of the school have a
variety of effects on teachers, students, and the learning process. Poor
lighting, noise, high levels of carbon dioxide in classrooms, and inconsistent
temperatures make teaching and learning difficult. Poor maintenance and
ineffective ventilation systems lead to poor health among students as well as
teachers, which leads to poor performance and higher absentee rates (Frazier,
2002)
Lyons, 2001; and Ostendorf, 2001). These factors can
adversely affect student behavior and lead to higher levels of frustration
among teachers, and poor learning attitude among student. Beyond the direct
effects that poor facilities have on students’ ability to learn, the
combination of poor facilities, which create an uncomfortable and uninviting
workplace for teachers, combined with frustrating behavior by students
including poor concentration and hyperactivity, lethargy, or apathy, creates a
stressful set of working conditions for teachers. Because stress and job
dissatisfaction are common pre-cursors to lowered teacher enthusiasm, it is
possible that the aforementioned characteristics of school facilities have an
effect upon the academic performance of students.
Previous studies have investigated the relationship of
poor learning environment including problems with student-teacher ratio, school
location, school population, classroom ventilation, poor lighting in
classrooms, and inconsistent temperatures in the classroom with student health
problems, student behavior, and student achievement (Crandell & Smaldino,
2000; Davis, 2001; Johnson, 2001; Lyons, 2001;Moore, 2002;
Stricherz,
2000; Tanner, 2000). To complement these studies, the present research is to examine
the aforementioned areas of learning environment as it affect students
performance in Nigerian schools.
1.2 Statement of
the Problem
A student faces a lot of problem in
the course of his educational pursuit. These problems are multifaceted. The
research is concerned with the influence of the learning environment with
special reference to student’s academic attainment and possible solution to the
problem. The alarming poor performance in examination is definitely of great
concern to the researcher who sees the study as inevitable.
It is noted that students’
performance at junior secondary school level at private and public schools
differs due to environmental constraints.
The high
levels of students’ academic performance may not be guaranteed where
instructional space such as classrooms, libraries, technical workshops and
laboratories are structurally defective. However, little is known on the impact
of learning environment on students’ academic performance in junior secondary
school in Ojo Local government area of Lagos State.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The objectives of this study are to:
1. find out the effect of the learning
environment on the students’ academic performance
2. examine
the reasons for students’ poor performance.
3. find out the effect of the learning
environment of student on the academic performance of junior secondary school
students.
1.4 Research Questions
This research work would also investigate
to know the possible solution to the problem. The research would equally pay
attention to the family’s financial status. Consequently, the following
questions is asked.
1. Is
there any relationship between learning environment and the
student
academic performance?
2. To
what extent do learning facilities affect students’ academic performance in
secondary school?
3. Does
class size has any effect on the academic performance of students in secondary
school?
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
The following hypothesis is stated
for work.
H01:
There is no significant relationship between learning environment
and the students’ academic performance
H02: The extent to which learning facilities
affect student performance is very low
H03:
Class size does not affect gender performance of students
H4:
There is no significant difference between learning environment
location and academic performance of students
1.6 Significance of the Study
It is hoped
that this study would provide information for parents, educators and school
administrators to reflect upon various factors that help students in achieving
their academic goals. In so doing, they can investigate the possibility of
introducing those factors to their school, which may consequently lead to
enhancing students’ educational outcomes in school. In addition, the fact that
this study is conducted in public schools, it shares quite a lot of
similarities with many other counterparts.
In this connection, this study provides a valuable reference for
other schools to reflect upon the school environment as it affect the academic
performance of student in secondary school.
Also, this work would serve
as a stepping stone to other researchers, who are looking for better ways to solve
the problem of learning environment and students’ academic performance in
junior secondary school in business study, a case study of selected Junior
Secondary schools in Ojo Local Government Area of Lagos State.
1.7 Scope of the
Study
The scope of this work is to cover
four selected schools under Ojo Local Government Area.
They are:
1.
Awori
College, Ojo
2.
Ajangbadi
High School, Ajangbadi
3.
Lagos
model college, Ojo.
4.
Ojo
Community High School, ojo
The subjects of this study are junior
school.
It is hoped that the findings made in
these areas would serve as a useful pointer to what occurs in other areas of
the state and in other part of the federation knowing fully well that students
encounter different environmental constraint.
1.8 Definition of
Term
Academy: A school or college for special training.
Student: The word
“Student” means any person who is ready to learn and engage in learning
activities.
Environment:
Environment can be
seen as the totality of the natural and artificial (manmade) phenomenon having
direct and
Learning:
Learning is
basically a process of adapting to and improving the environment. What is
learned can be measured either by those things that we observe in the behaviour
of the individual.
Performance:
Is the act of
performing a play, concert or some other form of entertainment.
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