ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to access conflict
management in public organization, using Iba Local Council Development Area as
a case. The major objective of the study is to find out the causes of conflict
in public sector, its effect and to recommend effective managerial approach to
conflict. In the last twenty years there has been a surge of interest in the
study of how conflicts are managed. Countless new efforts have been made to
consider how disputants and interveners can find satisfying, less costly, and
more expeditious ways of settling their differences. Practitioners, scholars,
and educators have been implementing more informal conflict resolution systems.
This essay reviews some of these developments and available resources for those
managing conflicts in the public sector. Having received the findings of this
study and based on the outcome of the tests of hypothesis which revealed that
conflict affects workers performance negatively, efficient and effective
conflict management significantly enhance correlation among workers in public
sector and that resolving conflict significantly benefit an organization, it is
logical to conclude that the poor performance of workers is, partly, due to the
negative effect of conflict on a public sector and inadequate management of
such conflict. Employees work under excruciating conditions resulting in low
productivity. In the light of the above conclusion, it is obvious that
organizations will witness enhanced productivity, harmonious correlation among
workers and a number of other benefits if conflict are properly managed. Based
principally on analytical findings and partly from the knowledge gained from
the review of relevant literature and also selectively from an opinion pool
contained in the questionnaire administered on respondents is was recommended
that Training programmes should be organized from time to time for conflict
managers and sometimes the entire workforce should be involved. Such training
should be one that would improve work knowledge and skill and at the same time
provide the bases for improved peaceful work condition.
TABLE
OF CONTENT
Title Page 1
Abstract 2
Table of Content 3
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
Introduction 5
1.1
Background
of the Study 5
1.2
Statement
of the Problem 7
1.3
Purpose
of the Study 8
1.4
Significance of the Study 8
1.5
Scope and Limitation of
the Study 9
1.6 Research
Question 10
1.7
Research Hypothesis 10
1.8 Definition
of Terms 11
1.9.1 Historical
Background of IBA Local Council Development Area, Ojo Lagos State. 12
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0 Introduction 15
2.1 Literature
Review 15
2.2 Definition
of Conflict Management 17
2.3 Types
of Conflict 18
2.4 Principal
Causes of Conflict in Public Sector 20
2.5 The
Outcome of Crisis in an Organization 23
2.6 Effective
Approach to Crisis and Conflict 24
2.7
Conflict Management
Strategies 28
2.8 Benefits
of Resolving Crisis 30
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0
Introduction 31
3.1 Research Methodology 31
3.2
Research Design 31
3.3
Population of the Study 32
3.4
Sample Size and Sampling
Techniques 32
3.5
Sources of Data
Collection 33
3.6
Method of Data Collection
33
3.7
Validity and Reliability
Tests 34
3.8
Method of Data Analysis 34
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Introduction 36
4.2 Data
Presentation and Analysis 36
4.3 Data
Analysis 37
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary
of Findings 55
5.2 Conclusion 56
5.3 Recommendation 57
References 59
Questionnaire 60
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
One
of the traditional areas of managing a corporation that have received
considerable emphasis is that of managing conflict. It’s in an effective
organization has long being recognized. Hence, organizations/corporations
operates in a system of standards, roles, procedures, norms, work schedules,
positions and structure articulated as adequate to achieve targeted goals and
individuals in the organisation are expected to function in harmony with these
corporation provisions in or to achieve their targets.
But
it is important to recognize that the corporation is made up of numerous
individuals with considerable different in their characteristic, perception and
aspirations. These differences inherent in human nature can generate conflict
due to the fact that human beings understand things in different ways and
attach meanings.
However,
it is logical to assert that crisis and conflict are inevitable in every
organization. Conflict is a phenomenon that cannot be easily ignored or quietly
swept under the carpet because it involves around every aspect of human
endeavour, be it church, business, life, community life, family life, or even
the nations itself. A critical look into the relationship existing between the
worker and management in most organizations reveals a considerable disharmony
on their claim on organization.
Therefore,
conflict as an inherent feature of public corporations which is usually
induced, partly by the organizational provisions and may give rise to ‘full
blown conflict’. Conflict emerges either between employees and the management
of an organization or among workers, karl max in Dauneninghan (2007: 1) noted
that ‘conflict is a features of the unequal nature of organizational life,
hence, conflict is seen as a natural part of class struggle’.
Presently,
hardly is there any day without news of conflict from the media. It could be
religious, social, political, economic or industrial conflict. Conflict poses a
great threat to the socio-economic growth and political stability of any
country and therefore requires appropriate measures and structures to manage
them when they occur. The credibility and reputation of organizations are
heavily influenced negatively or positively by the perception and measure of
their responses during the conflicting period.
Basically,
conflict should not be regarded as inherently good or bad, rather what matters
is the ability of humans to manage the differences when they arise and
integrated a more harmonious and smooth working relationship between the
disputing/ conflicting parties.
To
this end, the needs for public sector to be well acquainted with the skills are
strategies, measure for effective conflict management due to their
socio-economic importance to the development of the entire nation gave rise to
this study in which Iba Local Council Development Area was a case.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It
is obvious that conflict is indispensable in an organization, associated with
negative features and situations which give rise to inefficiency, ineffectiveness
or dysfunctional consequences.
Conflicts
are perceived as disruptive and unnatural and represent a form of deviant
behaviour which should be controlled and changed. Clear extreme cases of
conflict in organizations can have very tragic consequences for some people within
the organization and have adverse effects on the corporation performance.
Hence,
the problem of this study constitutes finding solution to the following
research questions which will guild the logical sequence of this study:
ü What
type of conflict is mostly witnessed in public sector?
ü What
are possible causes of conflict in public sector?
ü What
effective managerial approach to conflict can be applied or adopted when the
need arises?
ü What
are the principal outcomes of conflict in public sector?
ü What
are the benefits of resolving conflicts?
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The
research is aimed at proffering modalities and solutions for the improvement of
management of conflict for conflict for effective organizational management in
Iba Local Council Development Area. Following the above prevailing problems, the
objective of this includes:
1. To
examine those types of conflict that is mostly encountered in public sector.
2. To
evaluate the possible courses of conflict in public sector.
3. To
find out the effective managerial approach to conflict that can be adopted when
the need arises.
4. To
explain the principal outcome of conflict in public sector.
5. To
examine the benefits of resolving conflicts.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This
research work aims to achieve in significance inference based on Iba Local
Council Development Area in which
corporation can only be achieved when individuals in the organization function
as in harmony. It is therefore generally expected that a healthy organizational
climate would be reflected by complete harmony in working relationship, loyalty
and mutual commitment to the goals and objectives of the establishment.
This
is however, a worthwhile and creditable venture. This research will reveal to
the managers/directors on to become aware of the possible causes of conflict in
public sector or corporations and how to adequately avoid their occurrence. It
will also open grounds for other researchers who might be interested in the
area of this study and also serve as a point of reference.
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The
study shall be conducted at Iba Local Council Development Area, Iba Town Lagos.
This
study shall cover the concept of public sector, its origin and functions. The
concept of public conflict, its principal causes in public sector, effective
managerial approach to conflict and the benefits of solving conflicts.
In
the attempt of carrying out this study, the problem of time limitation may pose
its ugly print because the period of three months required for the study is
inadequate for a research of this nature especially as to combine it with other
academic activities. Financial constraint is another problem that is
confronting this research activity. The economic problems of the time may
affect my financial input to the study as am not financial viable.
Meanwhile,
bias may have set in, as the researcher may have been biased unknowingly during
the interview process or during the development of the research; the
respondents also may have being biased in responses due to other matters best
known to them. And death of literature is another area of stress to the study.
Materials for the study, particularly for the review of related literature is
scare and difficult to get.
Inspite
the above limitations, I shall successfully complete the work in good time and
ensure there is non interference with the result of the study.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTION
The
research question focuses on gathering information on conflict management on public
sector and how it can be resolved.
The
questions include:
A. Does
conflict affect workers performance negatively?
B. How
can efficient conflict management significantly enhance harmonious correlation
among workers in public organizations?
C. Does
resolving conflict significantly benefit public sector?
1.7 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Having
highlighted the problems and objective of the study, the following hypotheses
were formulated for testing and analyzing.
1. H0:
Conflict does not affect workers performance negatively.
Hi:
Conflict affect workers performance negatively.
2.
Ho: Efficient conflict
management does not significantly enhance
harmonious correlation among workers in the public organizations.
Hi: Efficient conflict management significantly
enhance harmonious correlation among workers in the public organizations.
3. H0: Resolving conflict does not
significantly benefit public sector.
Hi:
Resolving conflict significantly benefit public sector.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The
following definitions shall apply in this work:
i.
PUBLIC
ENTERPRISE: This is a business organization
established, owned, managed and financed with tax payers money by the
government of a state with the main objective of not making profit but
rendering essential services such as water, transportation, electricity e.t.c
to its citizen.
ii.
CONFLICT:
This is any event that is, or expected to lead to an unstable and dangerous
situation affecting an organization.
iii.
CRISIS:
This is a state of disharmony between incompatible of antithetical persons,
ideas or interests.
iv.
MANAGEMENT:
This is the act of getting men and materials together to accomplish desired
goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively.
1.9 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF IBA LOCAL COUNCIL
DEVELOPMENT AREA, OJO LAGOS STATE.
Prior
to the creation of Lagos State, Iba fell under the jurisdiction of Awori
distric, but by 1968 it fell under a reconstituted Awori Ajeromi district. By
1976 the creation of Badagry Local Government and Iba came under its wings.
However the civilian administration created Ojo Local Government with Iba again
falling under its jurisdiction. Later the military government merged Ojo into
Badagry Local Government until Babangida’s administration returned to the
status-quo.
It
was Asiwaju Ahmed Tinubu who created Iba Local Council Development
Administration and today the present administration of Akinwunmi Ambode has
maintained the state of affairs.
The
original inhabitants of Iba practice crop farming, poultry, sheep rearing, and
small scale hunting. These were family occupations. As in ancient times, they
practiced trade by barter unlike today where they practice commercial farming.
Later a crop of artisans appeared on the scene, including tailors, bricklayers
and mechanics. Record shows that there are 19 filling stations, 13 hotels, 46
companies, and 14 markets within the Iba jurisdiction.
Commerce
and industry are really booming because of the effort of the present
administration. New businesses are bound to spring up due to the conducive
environment.
Before
1975, there was no motorable road in the town. The Lasu Isheri road was opened
in 1983. Later the Iba main road was tarred and used to be the only tarred road
in the town. The Lasu Isheri road served as the major entry to and exit from
Iba. Commercial buses ply this route conveying passengers at Iyana Iba
bus-stop, originating from Ojo or Iyana Ipaja amidst many other places.
Today,
the Lasu Isheri road has been dualised giving room for more traffic. There is
also an ongoing road construction project at Igbo Elerin and Iba New Site,
gradually the town is being expose to the world following increased commercial
activities under the present administration.
Today,
there is a primary health centre in the Iba Local Council Secretariat. Besides,
there are also six private hospitals in the area. The state government has no
health facility in Iba, but there has always been a general hospital in Badagry
and the newly constructed general hospital in Igando.
Over
the years, the town which lies above sea level has become flooded due to
environmental health department of the Hon. Toyin Suarau led administration has
lived up to task in checking this ugly trend. Apart from the P.S.P trucks
dispatched by the state government, members of the department in the LCDA
embark on regular environmental sanitation by clearing blocked drainages,
dumpters, canals and waterways.
KEY
POLITICAL OFFICE HOLDER:
EXECUTIVE
CHAIRMAN ------- HON. PRINCESS RAMOTA ADEYERI OSENI
VICE
CHAIRMAN------------------ HON. ISIAQA YAHAYA
SECRETARY
TO L.G-------------- HON. RASAQ BABATUNDE RAJI
SUPERVISOR
FOR WORK& HOUSING--- HON.HARUNA MUHAMMED
SUPERVISOR
FOR HEALTH------------ HON. S.A. AJANAKU
SUPERVISOR
FOR ENVIRONMENT-------- HON. KEHINDE ADEKAMBI
SUPERVISOR
FOR AGRICULTURE--------- HON. OLAJIDE JAMIU BAKO
SUPERVISOR
FOR MARKET & REVENUE---- HON. A.K. SUARAU
SUPERVISOR
FOR BUDGET & STATISTIC---- HON. SAHEED. B.A
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