ABSTRACT
The Role of Management Information
System (MIS) in business environment has evolved over time to become an
integral part of its business operation in Nigeria. The use of information
system has increased in the last 10 years not only by firms but also by individuals
and even government. The use of information system was encouraged by the
technological breakthroughs: the advancements in telecommunications, such as
internet, the globalization that created a global unlimited marketplace, the
strong growing for information economy and the rise of competitive digital
firms. All of these factors systems to decision support systems and became the
foundation of the new business environment. The study works at various
challenges and prospect of management information system (MIS) on organization
performance. The study was conducted in Ecobank Plc, Auchi with the use of
questionnaire and oral interview to collect data that was statistically
analysed using simple percentage and chi-square. The study also attempts to highlight
the effect of management information system on organization performance. It
intends to determine how the information system helps an organization to
perform effectively. It also recommends how organization should introduce
flexibility in the nature of pattern and structure of MIS, attention should
also be paid to communication through the media agencies as a way of promoting
organization’s control of the market as well acquiring appropriate and suitable
computer software and program to meet MIS ever growing growth and expansion in
the global business market environment.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Certification --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- i
Dedication --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ii
Acknowledgements --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- iii
Table of Contents --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- iv
Abstract --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTROUDCTION
1.1
Background to the Study --- --- --- --- --- --- 1
1.2
Statement of the Problem --- --- --- --- --- --- 6
1.3
Research Questions --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 7
1.4
Objective of the Study --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 7
1.5
Statement of Hypotheses
--- --- --- --- --- --- 8
1.6
Scope of the Study --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 8
1.7
Significance of the Study --- --- --- --- --- --- 9
1.8
Limitation of the Study --- --- --- --- --- --- 9
1.9
Operational Definition of Terms --- --- --- --- --- 10
CHAPTER
TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Management Information System --- --- --- --- --- 13
2.2 Characteristics of Information --- --- --- --- --- 16
2.3 Types of Information --- --- --- --- --- --- 17
2.4 Types of Management Information System --- --- --- 25
2.5 The Effect of Management Information System --- --- 31
2.6 Conceptual Framework of Management
Information System--- 33
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH
METHOD
3.1 Research Design --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 36
3.2 Population of the Study--- --- --- --- --- --- 36
3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques --- --- --- --- --- 36
3.4 Instrumentation --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 37
3.5 Method of Data Collection --- --- --- --- --- --- 37
3.6 Method of Data Analysis --- --- --- --- --- --- 37
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Data Presentation --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 39
4.2 Test of Hypotheses --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 48
4.3 Discussion of Findings --- --- --- --- --- --- 52
CHPATER FIVE: SUMMARY
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 54
5.2 Conclusion --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 55
5.3 Recommendations --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 55
5.4 Suggestion for Further Studies --- --- --- --- --- 56
References
Appendices
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
to the Study
Business managers today, are much more
concerned about the effect of competition than they were even a few years ago.
They must react to the competitive threats not only from local source but also
from regional, national and international source; likewise they must seek to
explore all opportunities that are available in the immediate, national and
global environment. Deregulation has also increased competitive pressure for
organizations to survive, grow and prosper. In such a competitive environment,
managers must employ a lot of the resources at their disposal as efficiently as
possible so as to accomplish the objectives and goals of the enterprise.
Management Information System provides information in form of reports and
displays to managers and many others (Business Professional). For example sale
managers may use their networked computer and Web browser to get instantaneous
display about the sales results of their daily sales analysis report to evaluate
sales made by each sales personnel.
Management Information System also takes
into account integrative nature of information flow as well as the structuring
of the organization around decision centers. Standards of performance are part
of any good plans; hence, determination of standards like other aspects of the
planning process depends on the availability of relevant management information
system. Management Information System aids the functioning and monitoring of
organization. It also describes the components and resources to ensure the
proper functioning of an organization.
Management Information System has changed
the physical layout of offices to accommodate local networks and departmental
integrated systems. It is also a formalized procedure to provide management at
all levels and in all functions with appropriate information from all relevant
source to enable them make timely and effective decision for planning,
directing, evaluating, and controlling the activities for which they are
responsible. A major task also facing management in almost every field of
endeavour is to plan carefully so that the quantity of information obtained
will be adequate to meet its needs.
One potentially powerful resources
available to managers is Information Technology (IT), though it could also
serve as a threat/problem, but the top management has to be creative and
strategic enough through their conceptual and intellectual capacity to explore
full opportunities in all strategic decisions of the enterprise which affect
the long term objectives of the organization. More reports has shown how Information Technology has successfully
given some companies and advantage over their competitors both in the National
and Global market.
A Management Information System (MIS) is a
subset of the over-all internal control of a business covering the application
of people, documents, technology, and procedures by management accountants to
solve business problems such as costing a product, service or a business- Wide
strategy. Management Information System are distinct from regular information
systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in
operational activities in the organization.
Thus, Management Information System should
be designed to achieve the following:
i.
Enhance communication among employees.
ii.
To deliver complex materials throughout
the organization.
iii.
To provide an object system for recording
and aggregate information
iv.
To reduce expenses to labour intensive
manual activities
v.
To support the organizations strategic
goals and direction.
However, Management Information System
also enhance, job performance throughout the organization. At the senior level
it provides the data and information to help the board and management to make
strategic decisions and at other levels of management MIS provides the means
through which the enterprise activities are executed, monitored, controlled and
information are distributed to management, supervisors, employees and
customers.
Effective MIS should ensure the
appropriate presentation, format and time frames required by operations and
senior management are to meet. MIS can be maintained, evaluated and developed
by either manual or automated systems or a combination of both. It should
always be sufficient to meet an enterprise’s unique business goals and
objectives of the organization. Likewise it seeks to explore all available
opportunities that can be explore by the organization in the immediate,
national and global economies. The effective delivery of all enterprise’s
products and services are supported by MIS which has great influence on the
market share portion, revenue generation, sales volume achieved, recruitment of
best qualified candidates, the goodwill of the enterprise and the customers’
perception about the organization and its output. These systems should be
comprehensive, accessible, flexible and useable at all appropriate levels of
the organization’s activities.
Management Information System is a
critical component of the organization’s overall risk management strategy; it
should be used to recognize, monitor, measure, limit and manager risks. Risk
management involves four main elements which includes:
i.
Policies or practices
ii.
Operational processes
iii.
Staff and management
iv.
Feedback devices.
Thus, operational processes and feedback
devices are intertwined and cannot easily be viewed separately. The most
efficient and useable MIS should be both operational and informational,. As
such, Management can use MIS to measure performances, allocate, manage and
control resources and help the organization comply with regulatory requirements.
MIS can also be used by management to provide feedback on the effectiveness of
risk controls
1.2
Statement
of the Problem
The initial concept of Management
Information System was to process data from the organization and present it in
the form of reports at regular intervals. The system was largely capable of
handling the data from collection to processing. It was more impersonal,
requiring each individual to pick and choose the processed data and use it for
their requirements. This concept was further modified when a distinction was
made between data and information. The information is a product of an analysis
of data. The concept of MIS gives high regard to the individual and their
ability to use information in MIS gives information through data analysis.
However, there are problems associated
with it. One of the major problem is system breakdown and network failure and
could lead to lots of vital information if there are no backup. Another problem
it that, it makes workers naturally lazy in their performance as computer does
everything. This also led to unemployment in the banking sector.
1.3
Research
Questions
The
following research questions shall be provide answer to:
1.
Does Management Information System improve
employee performance in Ecobank Nigeria Plc?
2.
Does Management Information System
influences the decision-making of management of Eco bank Nigeria Plc?
3.
Does Management Information System enhance
the profitability of Ecobank Nigeria Plc?
1.4
Objectives
of the Study
The
aims of this study are to critically examine the effect of Management
Information System on organization performance. The objective of the study
includes:
1.
To determine if Management Information
System improve employee performance in Ecobank Nigeria Plc.
2.
The ascertain if Management Information System
influences the decision-making of management of Eco bank Nigeria Plc.
3.
To investigate if Management Information
System enhance the profitability of Ecobank Nigeria Plc.
1.5
Statement
of Hypotheses
Three
hypothesis are formulated and tested in this study:
1.
Management Information System does not improve
employee performance in Ecobank Nigeria Plc.
2.
Management Information System does not
influence the decision-making of management of Eco bank Nigeria Plc.
3.
Management Information System does not
enhance the profitability of Ecobank Nigeria Plc.
1.6
Scope
of the Study
This study attempt to research the effect
of Management Information System in an organization using a case study of
Ecobank Nigeria Plc, Auchi.
1.7
Significance
of the Study
This study will be of great benefit to all
the stakeholders and particularly the following:
1.
Bank Directors and Managers: This study
will be of great benefit to bank directors and managers as they will be espouse
on the vitality of MIS on improving workers performance.
2.
Employees: The study will also be of great
benefits to the employees as they will be exposed to the importance of being
equipped with IT knowledge in order to be relevant in their job.
3.
Students and Researcher: The study will
also be of benefits to the students and researchers as they will be espouse to
the knowledge gap that exist on these area so as to conduct more study on it.
1.8
Limitation
of the Study
The researcher encountered a lot of
challenges in carrying out this study.
Firstly, was the lack of cooperation in
responding to the questionnaires.
Secondly, there were difficulties in
retrieving vital information from the banking staff due to secrecy of giving
out important information of their bank to their competitors. Thirdly, finance
and time constraints were another major challenges encountered in the study.
1.9
Operational
Definition of Terms
Data:
Cole (2004) defined data as raw facts that have not processed information. Thus, data been
converted to meaningful and useful context for the receiver (Cole, 2004)
Information Technology:
It is an hardware, software, telecommunications database management and other
technological need to store, process and distribute information (Daft and
Marcic, 2004).
Information System: This
is the combination of hardware, software and human resource for decision making
(Daft & Marcic, 2004).
Operations of Information
System: A computer based information system that supports a
company’s day to day operations (Daft and Marcic, 2004).
Management Information
System (MIS):A computer based system that provides
information and support for effective managerial decision making (Mullins,
2007).
Internet:
A global collection of computer network linked together for the exchange of
data and information.
Worldwide Web (www):
A collection of central servers for accessing information on the internet
(Graffin, 2007).
E-Business:
According to daft and Marcic, 2004. Opined that e-business is any business that
takes place by digital process over a computer network rather than in physical
space.
E-Commerce:
Exchange of business that occur electronically.
Intranet:
An internal communication system that uses the technology and standard of the
internet, but it’s accessible only to people within the organization (Daft and
Marcic, 2004).
Electronic Data
Interchanged (EDI): A network that links the computer systems
to buyers and sellers to enable the transmission of structured data primarily
for orderings, distribution, as well as payable and receivable (Mullin, 2004).
External:
It is an external communication system that uses the internet and it is shared
by two or more organization (Mullins, 2007).
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