ABSTRACT
The focus of this study is on “The Effect of Communication on
Organizational Development. Effect of communication has been noted to bridge
the relationship gap between employers and employees at work- this in turn
reduces the level of industrial conflict among the staff thus maximizes the
amount of effort begin invested in the production process.
The population for this research consists of the cross section of
employees drawn from Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) Oshodi District,
Lagos. Instruments used for the collection of data include interviews and
questionnaire, reference to business journals. This research made use of both
primary and secondary data; the secondary data used was generated by consulting
relevant textbooks. While the primary data, to be collected would be from
members of staff using questionnaires and interview method. The questionnaire
was divided into two sections. Section A is meant to generate fact on age, sex,
academic, qualification, marital status, managerial level and years on the job.
The second section contained questions to which the respondents are expected to
agree, disagree, and neutral.
It is recommended that the concerned officials and managerial member of
the organizational board should allow subordinates to express their feelings
through communication without concern i.e., they should create an avenue that
encourages upward communication.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi-vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 6
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 6
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 7
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 8
1.6
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 9
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 10
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 10
1.9 STUDY PLAN 11
1.10 DEFINITION OF THE STUDY 11
1.11 METHODOLOGY 14
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 COMMUNICATING 15
2.2 NATURE OF COMMUNICATION 18
2.3 COMMUNICATION DEFINED 20
2.4 CHARACTERISTICS
OF COMMUNICATION 23
2.5 COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION 26
2.6 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION 29
2.7 STEPS IN COMMUNICATION 32
2.8 BENEFITS OF COMMUNICATION 36
2.9 THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT 37
2.10 PROBLEM OF COMMUNICATION 39
2.11 CORRECTIVE ACTION 43
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1
INTRODUCTION 50
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN 50
3.3 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 51
3.4
DATA SPECIFICATION 51
3.5 QUESTIONNAIRE DEVELOPMENT 52
3.6 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION 54
3.7 POPULATION AND SAMPLE SIZE 54
3.8 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE 55
3.9 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS 56
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 DEMOGRAPHIC
ANALYSIS 57
4.2 ANALYSIS ACCORDING TO RESEARCH QUESTIONNARE 60
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY 73
5.2 CONCLUSION 75
5.3 RECOMMENDATION 76
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRE 79
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
Employee of
whatever status needs to participate in the coordination of resource of the
organization. Simultaneously an individual also needs to participate in
communication.
The reciprocal
process of sharing information through symbols, principally the word
communication itself denotes the exchanging of ideals and since man is both
sharing of feeling and ideals are necessary to sound judgment.
Therefore,
communication is essential to sound management, the success of any organization
career depends upon the personnel, which ever cannot be successful without
proper communication.
An individual
employee always observe, analyse and interpret the effects of words upon people
as well as the influence of people upon words. Whatever one’s job or ambition,
one should learn to apply management purposes and functions to communications.
One should realize that his/her success as a person/employee depends on his/her
ability to issue, transmit and fulfill messages, upon his/her attaining profit
and profit through useful words that produce appropriate action because action
speaks louder than voice (body language). One should also know that without
effective writing, speaking, reading and listening, even that decision may
result in the worst action. Again one should know that often the most
exasperating employee/subordinate/worker is the person who does not share his
potentially profitable, ideas, through efficient language, with his co-workers
and his company.
An approach to
the study of communication tends to explain that various department in an
organization and similar area of specialization function largely as information
processes that need to be integrated so that management can achieve its purpose
of goals and resources, which also include that important resources behaviour.
Lucy (1998)
stated that informal communication takes place at all levels from discussions,
telephone calls, meetings, observation and so on. The informal network called
grapevine, is flexible and can convey nuances, which are lost informal
communications. Delighting informal communication more speedier and can cater
for local problems more readily than formal communication.
Since
information must be communicated at the workplace, to prevent
misinterpretation, there is need for improvement in communication in an
organization.
Although,
information to a large extent determines communication by Lucy laid emphasis on
an ambiguous communication which may not lead to appropriate decision and might
have negative impact to the organization. Communication therefore, in an
organization must produce efficient result.
Donna (2005),
opined that one can improve chance for conversational success by considering
some factors which add value to an organizational communication. Organizational
setting as one of the vital factors to be considered, question such as where
will the conversation take place? Is it public or private? Are there other
things going on that will distracting? Must be considered. Considering the
internal influence, considering the interest level of other person to know how
much information it is required of the person to know. Considering the language
needed, considering what one needs to accomplish by initiating the
conversation, considering the long term impact of the words, tone and gestures
that are used and finally, considering the external factors which as a result
brings about noise, distractions that may impact how the message is relayed and
received.
Therefore,
organization to a large extent must improve their communication to facilitate
the effective performance and organizational efficiency. This will aid better
decision for the attainment of their goals and objectives.
Moreover, in an
organization, the main objective is to achieve its target and this can be done
effectively through communication within the organization. Leading is
impossible without communication between persons. The leader in man-to-man
relationship exerts his influence only by conveying ideas, feelings and
decisions to his followers.
The followers in
turn have to communicate with the leader to management in order for him to be
able to appreciate their personal feelings and problems. The need for an
effective communication in any organization cannot be overemphasized.
Chester, viewed
communication as the means by which people are linked together in an
organization to achieve a common purpose and that in the process an
organization exchange ideas and information regarding the operations of an
organization. It is that interchange of ideas, facts. Thoughts and emotions by
two or more people by the use of words, letters and symbols.
Since effective
communication is essential to any organization string to improve its
relationship with the outside world. Relationship could be built and could be
destroyed but everything depends on communications realize the critical
importance of meaningful communication, too many organizations devote vast
resources to methods that are not maximizing their returns on interest.
As top notchers,
since communication is important factor in an organization, management must
communicate to their subordinates in a way and manner that will enable them to
achieve their set objectives and goals through a good communication
mechanizing.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF PROBLEM
Information is
communicated on daily basis within the organization. The channels of
communication within the organization determine the quality of information of
the end-users. If the channel is faulty the message may be distored and not
properly understood. This may consequently affect the decisions arising there
from.
a)
This research work is aimed at tracing the
communication between organization of the employees within the organization.
b)
This research work is set out to see how
performance of the employees binged on organizational communication. The style
level and communication determine the appropriate response from the
respondents.
1.3 AIM
AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Communication is
essential for internal functioning of enterprises because it integrates the
managerial functions.
Thus, the
primary objective of this study is to examine the effect of communication on
organizational development. Other objective are as follows:
1)
To provides a vehicle by which one can implement
a plan to achieve to co-ordinate.
2)
To provide a means by which members of an
organization can be motivated to execute the plans willingly and
enthusiastically.
3)
It is the process by which management functions
of planning, organization, decision making and controlling are achieved.
4)
It is also the activity that managers devote
most of their time to and the ability to communication effectively is one of
the important qualities of a successful manager.
5)
Communication is an essential part of our lives,
everybody and everybody we send or receive message and information.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
1)
It is anticipated when this study is completed,
it will serve as useful reference source of future researchers and formulation
of policies by subordinate and management on how communication can enhance
organizational performance.
2)
A lot of Nigerian managers do not possess
communication skills. This study is designed to give them a few pointers.
3)
This study is also designed to show importance
of communication in relation to how it affects managerial efficiency ultimately
of organizational goals and objectives.
4)
The study will also offer useful and reasonable
suggestions on how communication enhances the organizational performance
derived from the organization as a whole.
5)
There are also few organizations in Nigeria that
can boast of having an effective communication network. This is not as a result
of ignorance. It is hoped that this study will bring to light the importance of
good communication network within and outside the organization.
1.5 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
1)
Can lack of communication between workers and
management lead to industrial conflicts?
2)
Does effective communication of employee
function and duties in the organization increase the employees output?
3)
Does effective communication improve the organizational performance.
4)
What has been the effective of communication
process on organizational performance?
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Ho: Lack of
communication between workers and management cannot lead to industrial
conflicts
Hi: Lack of
communication between workers and management can lead to industrial conflicts
Ho: Effective communication of employees function
and duties cannot increase the employees output
Hi: Effective
communication of employees function and duties can increase the employees
output
Ho: Effective communication
cannot improve the organizational performance.
Hi: Effective
communication can improve the organizational performance.
Ho: Communication
process has no effective performance in an organization.
Hi: Communication
process has effective performance in an organization.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is
set out to discuss “the importance of communication on organization
performance”. It will reveal various communication mechanisms on a specified
organization, Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN). The thesis will cover
the variables of communication and the importance derivable from it facilitates
the achievement of the company’s aims and objectives.
Also, this study
will stress ho communication gap be carried out in order to achieve the target
of the organization, this will also highlight the litigations of communication.
1.8 LIMITATIONS
OF THE STUDY
Limitations and
constraints are:
1)
To interview some of the managers is a difficult
task and the research have to pay several visits to the company the to tight
schedule and often managers are always absent on seat.
2)
Improper filling of the questionnaires, some of
the questionnaires are not find useful for the study.
3)
Behavioural influences and abstraction.
1.9 STUDY
PLAN
The purpose of
this study is to highlight the importance of communication on organizational
performance and to shed more light on how to curtail the breakdown gadget of
communication. Copies of researcher designed questionnaire were administered to
the staff of PHCN, Oshodi District.
In analyzing the
data collected, simple percentage is used, while tail test (t-test) was used to
test the hypothesis. The first hypothesis states that lack of communication
between workers and management can lead to industrial conflict while the second
hypothesis states that an effective communication of employee’s specific
function and duties cannot increase the employee’s output.
On the basic
findings, recommendations were also made for states and policy makers which
will make communication on organizational performance to be more effective and
efficient.
1.10 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
In an
organization, communication is the means of actualizing a goal. It is a means
by which organized activity is modified. Through effective communication,
behaviours can be notified and change affected, information is made productive
and goals are achieved. Organization requires information about finances,
prices, competition, raw material, labour, technology, business environment and
governed activities. This information forms the basic decision making.
Communication is highly essential for functionary of the organization because
it integrates all the managerial function. Through communication with the
external environment, the organization (management) is made aware through
information of the needs and demand of customer, and the availability of
supplies, the chain fears of the community within which they operate and
government regulation.
This study is
justified and defined a communication is the transfer of idea the sender to the
receiver. Communication is an indispensable management tool. Any means that an
individual uses to transfer meaning, ideas, feeling, emotion or attitude to
others is communication. There are speechless messages that are transmitted by
facial expressions, by the use of the eyes, body movement, gesticulation of the
hands, shaking the head in approval of disproval, smiling or frowning. These
are sometimes accurate ways of expressing oneself that the conventional oral or
within manner.
Good management
recognizes the fact that it has to transmit skills and knowledge to those in
the organization through its direction, control, organization ability, decision
making, and coordinating techniques. The quality of communication skill
possessed by a manager determines his degree of accomplishment.
Moreso,
information received from external environment of the organization will help to
improve services rendered to the public. Communication is also defined as the
transfer of information, ideas, fact or message from one person to another. It
also defined message exchange of understandable message or idea between two or
more person, with the use of words, letters, symbols, signs and gestures.
Effective
communication occurs when the message is properly encoded by the sender and
understood by the receiver.
Effective
communication is very important because it is the means by which the various
activities or management function are link together in an organization.
Communication is also the means by which the various function of management are
accomplished.
1.11 METHODOLOGY
Instruments to
use for the collection of data will include interviews and questionnaires,
reference to business journals. This
research made use of both primary and Secondary
data, the primary data used will be collected would be from members of
staff using questionnaires and interview method. While the secondary data will
be generated by consulting relevant textbooks.
Data analysis
was first done by descriptively using simple statistical tool of mean and
standard deviation. But since the study
predominately qualitative in nature non paramedic methods were adopted in
carrying out analysis. The t-test
statistics will be used to test the hypothesis.
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