TABLEOFCONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of Study
1. 2 Statement of
Problem
1.3 Scope of
the Study
1.4 Objectives
Of Study
CHAPTER
TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 Total
Petroleum Hydrocarbons
2.2 Origins of Hydrocarbons in Soil
2.3 Components
of Hydrocarbons Found At Contaminated Sites
2.4 Effects of
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Environment
2.5 Fate of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the
Environment
CHAPTER 3
MATERIALS
AND METHODS
3.1 Sample Study Area
3.1.1 Location
3.2 Sample Collection
3.3.0 Laboratory
Analysis
3.3.1 Equipment
3.3.2 Reagents
3.3.3 Experimental
3.4 Sample
Preparation and Extraction
3.4.1 Extraction
of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminants in Soil Using an AS3000 Auto
Sampler
3.3.6 Method
3.3.7 Analysis
CHAPTER
4
RESULTS
CHAPTER
5
DISCUSSION
Conclusion
Recommendation
References
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.2
BACKGROUND
OF STUDY
Petroleum
hydrocarbons are used generally in our environment as fuel and chemical compounds.
The uncontrolled release of petroleum hydrocarbons negatively impacts many of
our soi1 and water resources. The contamination can result from leaking
Underground Storage Tanks (UST), petroleum refineries and bulk storage facilities,
broken oil pipelines, spills of petroleum products in chemical plants and
transportation processes as well as commercial and industrial uses (automobile workshops) under which this research work
falls into. The risks of explosion and fire are also serious threats to the
environment.
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) concentration is a global parameter including many derived
petroleum products, commonly applied to establish target soil cleanup levels
implemented by several regulatory agencies (Presidency Ministry,
2005; VROM, 2012; Weisman, 1998).The Standard ISO
16703 (ISO,2004) is an internationally
accepted method to obtain TPH concentrations from C10 to C40, although there
are other standards currently in use (Rosano-Hernández et al., 2012).
The
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has reported that due to the uncontrolled
release of petroleum hydrocarbons into the environment, there has been a
considerable amount of contamination in soil and groundwater. As reported by
Gruiz and Kriston (1995) an amount of 6,000,000 tons petroleum waste enters
into the environment each year causing serious environmental problems.
Even
if the problems associated with fuel storage and distribution are solved,
contamination incidental to production and commercial usage would continue to
threaten groundwater supplies. Many manufacturing processes necessarily produce
water and sludge that are contaminated with hydrocarbons.
High
concentration levels of hydrocarbons present in contaminated sites could pose a
health risk to humans, plants and animal lives. In recent years, the release of
hazardous and toxic substances into the soil, water, sediment and air in Niger
Delta, Nigeria has been a widespread problem. The economy of Nigeria, the most
populous, black African country is largely dependent on crude oil tapped from
the Niger Delta region. Niger Delta has a population of about 30 million and an
estimated 2.8 million barrels of crude oil per day come from this region.
1. 2 STATEMENT
OF PROBLEM
In
evaluating the relevance of pollution cleanup standards, there are many things
that must be considered. Risk factors such as fate, transport, and toxicity of
constituents, and monetary factors such as expected cost of remediation are but
just a few of the considerations that must be addressed in such an endeavor. This
hypothesis evaluates, from a risk and cost perspective, the use of TPH as a
cleanup standard for remediation of petroleum contaminated soils and compares
the use of a TPH standard to a compound specific standard. This thesis also
analyzes sampling and analysis Data contained in the Installation Restoration
Program Information Management System (IRPIMS) database to evaluate the use of
the compounds upon which current state standards are based.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study covers the sampling exercise, field
study, a laboratory analysis of samples obtained and interpretation of
laboratory data using statistical, graphical illustration. The field study was
carried out in Warri Metropolis (Warri, Effurun, Ughelli and Udu), Delta State.
Soil samples were collected at different points in the workshops (main workshop
and 10metres away from the main workshop).
1.5 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The
aim of this study is to determine the concentration levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons
(TPH) in soils found in automobile shop (keke, car, bikes, and truck
workshops).
Objectives:
·
The
objective of this work is to ascertain the level of TPH in analyzed samples.
·
To
determine the concentration of TPH in the selected locations of Warri
Metropolis (Warri, Effurun, Ughelli and Udu).
·
To
evaluate the impact of TPH on soil consequently, the risk posed to public
health as a result of the identified pollution.
Click “DOWNLOAD NOW” below to get the complete Projects
FOR QUICK HELP CHAT WITH US NOW!
+(234) 0814 780 1594
Buyers has the right to create
dispute within seven (7) days of purchase for 100% refund request when
you experience issue with the file received.
Dispute can only be created when
you receive a corrupt file, a wrong file or irregularities in the table of
contents and content of the file you received.
ProjectShelve.com shall either
provide the appropriate file within 48hrs or
send refund excluding your bank transaction charges. Term and
Conditions are applied.
Buyers are expected to confirm
that the material you are paying for is available on our website
ProjectShelve.com and you have selected the right material, you have also gone
through the preliminary pages and it interests you before payment. DO NOT MAKE
BANK PAYMENT IF YOUR TOPIC IS NOT ON THE WEBSITE.
In case of payment for a
material not available on ProjectShelve.com, the management of
ProjectShelve.com has the right to keep your money until you send a topic that
is available on our website within 48 hours.
You cannot change topic after
receiving material of the topic you ordered and paid for.
Login To Comment