ABSTRACT
The
study investigate student knowledge a Climate Change and Environmental
Preservation in Surulere and Lagos Mainland Local Government Area of Lagos
State.
The research work sought to investigate students
understanding of environmental concepts and climatic change, if gender
difference exists in student knowledge of climatic change as well as if type of
school (Public and Private) attended and school location (Urban or rural) has
any relationship on student knowledge of climatic change and environmental
issues.
This study was carried out in Eight public senior
secondary schools in Surulere and Lagos mainland
local government area of Lagos
State.
Data was collected by administration of students
questionnaire comprising questions on climatic change and environmental issues.
Data analysis was performed and the following finding were made;
i.
Student have poor
knowledge on climatic change and environmental preservation as students have
learning difficulties in these concepts.
ii.
Gender differences
exist in student knowledge on climate change and environmental preservation.
iii.
There is a high
relationship between type of school attended (Rural or Urban) and school
location (Rural or Urban) on students knowledge on climate change and
environmental preservation.
Based on this findings some recommendation were
made’
·
Government should
provide a valuable service to the community, both by promoting environmental
education and awareness.
·
Science Teachers should
be trained with a clear goal and understanding of the new and effective
techniques of climate change and environmental issues.
It can be conducted from this study that student
poor knowledge on climate change and environmental issues is as a result of
learning difficulties faced by students and science related subjects such as
geography and chemistry that are made optional to senior secondary school
students.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Certification i
Approval
Dedication ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents v
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1
Background
to the Study 1
1.2
Statement
of Problem 4
1.3
Purpose
of the Study 5
1.4
Research
Question 6
1.5
Research
Hypothesis 6
1.6
Scope
of Study 6
1.7
Significance
of the Study 7
1.8
Definition
of Terms 8
CHAPTER TWO
Literature
Review
2.0 Introduction 9
2.1 Conceptual view of school Administration 9
2.2 Who is a Principal? 10
2.3 Conceptual View of Education Supervision 12
2.4 Supervisory Roles in the School System 13
2.5 Who is a Teacher? 20
2.7 What is Teacher Effectiveness 21
CHAPTER THREE
Research Methodology
3.0 Introduction 25
3.1 Research Design 25
3.2 Population of the Study 26
3.3 Sample and Sampling Procedure 26
3.4 Research Instrument 27
3.5 Administration of Research Instrument 28
3.6 Method of Data Analysis 28
3.7 Validation of Instrument 29
CHAPTER FOUR
Data
Analysis Interpretation and Discussion
4.0 Introduction 30
4.1 Presentation of Results 30
4.2 Discussion of Results 36
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary,
conclusions and Recommendation
5.1 Summary of the Study 39
5.2 Conclusion 40
5.3 Recommendations 42
5.5 Suggestion for further studies 44
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
TOPIC: AN INVESTIGATION
INTO STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CLIMATIC CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Climate
refers to the average weather condition over more than thirty years. The
climate of an region depends on many factors including the amount of sunlight
it receive, its height above sea level, the shape of land and how close it is
to ocean.
Global climate of the description of the climate of
the planet as while, with all the regional difference average. Overall global
climate depends on the energy trapped in the system. This amount are different
for different climate. Climate change is a change in the statistical
distribution weather over periods of time that range form decades to millions
of years.
In recent usage, especially in the context of
environmental policy, climate change usually refers to changes in modern
climate. It may be qualified as anthropogenic climate change more generally
known as “global warning”. Over hundred years ago, people world wide began
burning more coal and oil for homes factors and transpiration burning these
fossil full releases carbondioxide and other greenhouse effects gases into the
atmosphere to warm more quickly than in the past.
Moreso, process as variation in earth orbits,
mountain-building and continental draft, and changes in greenhouse gases
condensations causes changes in climate.
The sun is the predominant sources for energy input
to the earth. Both long and short term variation in solar intensity are known
to affect global climate three is four billions years ago the sun emitted only
70% as much power as it does toady. If the atmosphere composition had been the
same as today, liquid water should not have existed on earth.
Slight variations in earth leads to changes in the
seasonal distribution of sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface and how it is
distributed across the globe. There is very little change to the area averaged
annually averaged sunshine, but there can be strong changes in the geographical
and seasonal distribution.
The three processes types of orbital variations are
variations in Earth’s eccentricity changes in the tilt angle of Earth’s axis of
rotation and procession of Earth axis.
Volcanism is a process of conveying materials from
the crust and mantle of the Earth, to its surface, volcanic eruptions, geysers,
and hit springs are example of volcanics processes which releases gases and/or
particulates into the atmosphere.
Anthropogenic factors are human activities that
changes the environment. In some cases the claim of causality of human
influence on the climate is direct and an ambiguous while in other instances it
is less clear of most concern in these anthropogenic factors, is the increase
in C02 levels due to emissions from fossil fuels combustion followed
by aerosols and cement manufacture, other factors including land use, ozone
depletion, animal agriculture and deforestation are also of concern in the
rides they play both separately and in conjunction with other factors in
affecting climate change, microclimate and measures of climate change.
Climate change in the recent past may be detected by
corresponding changes in settlement and agricultural pattern. Climate change of
various civilization.
During 20th century sea level rose about
15cms due to melting glacier ice and expansion of warmer sea water models
predict that sea level may rise as much as 59cm turning the 21st
century. Threading coaster community, wet land and coral reefs. However
rainfall causes flooding in many regions normal temperature has lead to more
intense rainfall in some areas.
Extreme drought is increasing, higher temperature
caused by a high rate of evaporation and more drought in some area of the
world. As temperature warms species may either move to cover habitat or dying,
thus the ecosystem is changing, species that are particular vulnerable
including endangered species, coral reefs and polar animals.
Warmer temperature affects human health these have
been more death due to heat waves and more allergy attacks as the season grows
longer. Sea water becoming more acidie due to C02 dissolving in the
oceans . more so, climate change affect agricultural ecosystem in providing
sufficient food for the world people as the population exceed six billon and as
land, H20 and ecosystem resources are degraded through over use.
Agriculture and water resources are linked with
climate if the build up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere continual without
limit examples of plants threatened by climate change include blue bells,
quever trees. The threat of extinction to species who are unable to adapt or
have limited habitats increase due to climatic changes, also changes in animal
pole ward and elevational shifts associated with regional warning.
Environmental preservation on the other hand is the
setting of natural resources to prevent damaged caused by contract with human
or by certain human activities such as logging, hunting, fishing, to replace
them with human activities such as tourisms and recreation.
In conclusion, it is important to note that human
activities are response for climate changes.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The study of climate change and environmental
related issues as been of much global concern in recent years, this could be
easily attributed to the ezone layer depletion and this has and still has
economic, social and political effect on the world over in the light of this
there has been a ice of public awareness program but the basic engorge of the
work is the knowledge of this subject matter among student in secondary school
in Lagos State.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of the research is
1.
To investigate students understanding of
environmental concepts and climate change.
2.
To find our is there are gender
differences in students knowledge of climate change.
3.
To find out is type of school (public
and private) attended has any relationship with student knowledge of climate
change.
4.
To find out if the school location
(urban or rural) has any relationship with students knowledge of climate
change.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Biology is a core subject. Studying biology enables
man to understand himself and his environment. The knowledge of climate change
and environmental pressurization is applicable to other disciplines such as
medicine, agriculture, historical geographical and many more.
1.
The result of this work will invariably
spur school authorities and teachers to improve on the use of instructional
materials and various techniques of teaching hence bring about effective
learning in students.
2.
The students will also learn better on
the application of climate change and environmental preservation of their
communiter to their day to day activities and its application in solve social
and environmental problems.
3.
Communities will benefits the most
because the students are a part of the community, the more competent and skill
feel students the better communities.
4.
It will create the need for educational
agendas such as curriculum planners, curriculum innovators and curriculum
designers to plan effectively and give adequate coverage to environmental and
climate change issues at secondary school level.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
What are students general knowledge on
concepts of climate change and environmental preservation?
2.
Do gender differences exist in students
knowledge of climate change?
3.
Do types of school attended has any
relationship with student knowledge of climate change and environmental
preservation?
4.
Does school location have any
relationship with student knowledge of climates change and environmental
preservations?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study will cover some selected senior secondary
schools in Lagos State only. The variables to be studied
are:
a.
Type of school i.e public/private
b.
School location i.e rural/urban
c.
Sex/gender i.e male/female
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Rural
Rural areas are the very undeveloped areas in the
state, it could either be located within the urban setting or out skirt of the urban settings. Rural in the sense of
application in this study hinges mainly on the underdevelopment status of the
areas.
Urban
This is an area of continuous urban development.
Urban areas may be cites, town or combinations. Urban in the sense of
application in their study hinges mainly on the well developed status of the
area.
Gender
This is define as a set of characteristics that are
seen to distinguish between male and female gender has several contiversial
definition but here refers to am individual inner sex or psychological sense of
being a male or female irrespective of ones outer sex identity as determined by
one’s sexual organs. There are two man gender masculine (male) feminine
(female).
Climate change
This is a change in the average weather condition or
change in the distribution of weather events with respect to an average e.g
greater or fewer extreme weather event.
Environmental Preservation
This is define as the setting aside of natural
resources to prevent damage caused by contact with humans or by human
activities such are logging. Miming, hunting e.t only to replace them with new
human activities such as tourism and recreation.
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